You should be familiar by now with the implications of class, age and Essay

You should be familiar by now with the implications of class, age and gender for the kind of lives that people lead in society. But do you think that where you - Essay ExampleDurkheim strongly believes that the cohesion or the lack of cohesion of religious groups is more important than what the believers think or olfactory perception about their religion. Since the behavior of the group can strongly affect the social phenomenon of society, it is but fitting that integrity should always play closer attention to the characteristics manifested by the group. However, he stressed that social facts, such as moral rules are effective guides and controls of the conduct of the group if and only if these social facts are internalized by the soul members of the group. By instilling the moral standards in the members of a group, the members will now be constrained to ensue rules as a moral obligation.The existing structures of society and the constraints that social factors tend to create on the respective(prenominal) members of the group affects the kind of lives that people may lead in a certain place. Note that any social formation be it superior or inferior to the quality of individuals that compose it, is con typefacered a go to pieces entity from the individuals that comprise it and therefore demands a certain that culture and social circumstances can be considered as unique to a place and to a group of people thus it very much probably that the quality of life of people will be greatly affected by where they live.A blow over example of the social effects of where one lives can be seen in the case of Federal Ireland where a group of people come in constant conflict with each other. Technically, the conflict in Northern Ireland can be more easily understood if taken in the light of the opposing forces collected of the people who want Northern Ireland to be part of the fall in Kingdom on the other side and the people who want to liberate Ireland from exte rnal controls. An overwhelming majority of the members of the group that wants the union between Ireland and the United Kingdom are Protestants. On the other hand, the people who want

The Causes For Eating Disorders And The Impact Of The Media On Essay

The Causes For Eating Disorders And The Impact Of The Media On Self-Image - Essay instanceThis paper discusses rushs for take disorders and the impact of the media on the self-image. Causes of eating disorders Poppink defined eating disorder as unnatural eating habits, which may occur in form of starvation or excessive eating acts and identifies anorexia, bulimia, and gorge eating as examples of common eating disorders (17). Causes of eating disorder butt end be grouped into psychological, interpersonal, and affectionate factors. Psychologically, eating disorder may occur because of mental and emotional imbalance. Psychological factors include, wish of self-esteem, feeling of lack of purpose in life and occurrence of anxiety, anger or stress. Psychological factors, though inherent to the patients, can be professionally addressed through patient counseling. In addition, Poppink states that individuals could manage anxiety and anger without want professional services where ind ividuals could relax, and avoid incidences that might trigger anger (104). Interpersonal factors could also result to eating disorders. According to NEDA (1), interpersonal factors may occur through physical and sexual abuse, strained personal relationships, and having business relationship of being ridiculed or teased about ones weight or size. Having relationships and interacting with parties is the genesis of developing interpersonal factors that decease to eating disorders. Avoidance of negative crowd and withdrawal from strained relationships could prevent the occurrence of eating disorder. However, those who take suffered from sexual abuse may still require professional counseling and guidance. Spettigue and Henderson further identify well-disposed factors as the leading cause of eating disorders. With the advent of information technology, mass media have created a accessible context of ideal women through the biased exposures of thin women in their programs and magazine s. The society has also framed a narrow definition of beauty where slender women and masculine men are being considered beautiful and handsome. Poppink further notes the existence of such biased concept and mixer mind frames in the society may come back peer pressure among individuals who are overweight hence leading to eating disorder (145) Causes of eating disorders offers tooshie for treatment and discovery. The disorders may be treated in three different approaches, which include the use of psychotherapy, medicines, and nutritional supplements. Spettigue and Henderson stated that the cause of the eating disorder determines the approach of the treatment. Counseling and administration of medicines may be use to treat eating disorder that could have resulted from physical and sexual abuse. It is fundamental that the administered treatment addresses the root cause of the eating disorder and resulting symptoms of the condition concerning psychological, interpersonal and social fa ctors (NEDA). After undergoing successful treatment, an individual is able to recover from an eating disorder. Full recovery is always dependent on the nature of treatment and care offered to a patient. Recovery is a long-term process, which may last for years. It is vital that one should carefully follow the operating instructions of the therapist and the outlined recommendations for this stage (NEDA). The role of the media The media has a mandate of informing the public. It, as an informative tool, has contributed to the flourish of eating disorder in the society. Overweight women, for example, have been subjected to social pressure by the media, which has framed social context of beauty. The media has portrayed celebrities, actors, and models with slender bodies, resulting to a biased definition of bea

The Nacirema As A Mirror of The Modern Consumer Essay

The Nacirema As A Mirror of The Modern Consumer - Essay frameworkThe Nacirema ar apparently taught from birth that the human body is ugly (Miner 1956, p.503) and that its natural tendencies are toward disease and decay. Their rituals are therefore designed to perpetually reverse this natural process of physical decline.Reading through the article, I began to see familiar images. Graphic ritual descriptions aside, western society seemed to be a mirror-image of this curiously preposterous tribe. Like the Nacirema, modern cultures seem to be forever altering what nature has provided in order to adapted a standard ideal. I realized that the Naciremans were not necessarily a native or prime tribe in the literal sense. Miner mentions that they are from North America, living in the territory amid the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles (1956, p.503). The geographical location itself seemed familiar in a strange way. Upon further inspection of clues that whitethorn be hidden in the text, I watched, amazed, as the letters of the word Nacirema moved around on the page and began to spell out a word that certainly wasnt exotic American. I had just uncover a long-standing myth. The mysterious Nacirema tribe was really a metaphor for western, or more specifi squally, American society.2. make 5 items or ceremonies that we have learnt to use in similar way to the NaciremaEvery ritual observe by the Nacirema has a counterpart in our world. The shrine (Miner 1956, p.503) in a Nacirema household, for instance, exactly describes the modern bathroom. single important component of this private room is the font (Miner 1956, p.504) found beneath what Miner describes as a built-in chest on the wall. These are our sinks or wash basins, as well as our medication cabinets, in which we keep all our magical potions (Miner 1956, p.504)-pills and medications that often come in an astounding array. We bow guttle before these fonts to perform a variety of ablutions in the privacy of our bathrooms before we step out to wait the world. Doctors are, literally, medicine men. Their imposing temples are hospitals and clinics where the sick are treated, and where healthy people go for regular check-ups and, as the case may be, even cosmetic touch-ups. Meanwhile, positioned below doctors in the medical hierarchy are the dentists-or what the Nacirema call holy-mouth-men (Miner 1956, p.504). Similarly, western dentists do seem to enjoy tinkering around our orifices and striking terror in us with the genuine sight of their instruments. But no matter how much pain-real or imagined-is induced by this practice, we still in some manner keep coming back for more.Another similarity with the Nacirema in witchdoctor dependence, as essayed by Miner, involves another change of practitioner-the listener (1956, p.506). His counterpart in our world would be the psychiatrist, to whom we go for help in exorcising demons out of our minds that we may have carried around with us from childhood. 3. How do variations in culture affect our ability to engage in worthwhile trade Explore both advantages and disadvantages.In terms of the American market economy, there may be a disadvantage to their

Information Technology for Managers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Information applied science for Managers - Term Paper Example hombre will be the leader in providing the best appreciate in machines, engines and support work for customers dedicate to building the worlds infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We show the best nourish to customers.Caterpillar will be the leader in providing the best value in machines, engines and support services for customers dedicated to building the worlds infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. We provide the best value to customers.Caterpillar will provide its workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork, continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. We develop and reward people.Caterpillar is dedicated to improving the quality of life while sustaining the quality of our earth. We encourage social responsibility.For the sake of their enormous image, Caterpillar strives re everyy hard to ensure that our s uccess as a corporation contributes to the quality of life of all people touched by our business and to the prosperity of all communities where we work and live.Caterpillars great deal of their employees is to get recognized, along with their products and services, as key enterprise strength. Their goal is to empower our engaged employees and their leaders to take a shit a positive culture in which safety, diversity, integrity, and performance are highly valued by all. In 1925, the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company merged to form Caterpillar Tractor Company. The Caterpillar product line include motor graders, blade graders, elevating graders, terraces and electrical generating sets. That happened in 1940. In 1950, Caterpillar Tractor Company Limited in huge Britain is established the first of many overseas operations created to help manage foreign exchange shortages, tariffs, outcome controls and better serve customers around the world.In 1931, the co mpany created a separate engine sales company to market diesel engines to other equipment manufacturers. This group was replaced in 1953 with a separate sales and marketing parting to better serve the needs of a broad range of engine customers.

The dilemma with Americas financial cliff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The dilemma with Americas pecuniary cliff - Essay ExampleThe polar bears in the arctic oceans are losing their natural habitat. A fate of species of animals have already become extinct because of their inability to survive in the climate as intent as it has got today. Besides, human beings themselves have been no less affected by the ball-shaped thaw. Melting of the nut caps would put a major portion of the land under water. Results of the global warming have already started to show up in the form of frequent occurrence of earthquakes, cyclones, and floods. If human beings do not straightway stop the practices causing global warming, it might be too late to take any action mechanism few years later.There is no doubt that human beings are the prime cause of global warming, and that human activities have endangered the nature in many ways. However, if human beings stop such activities, it would be good for the planet but on the compromise upon the standard of living of the human beings. In the perplex age, every country is striving gravid to grow its gross domestic product (GDP), attain pecuniary stability and advance its economy. These factors are very important particularly from the perspective of business. It would be very hard for the manufacturing companies to sustain if they reduce their carbon emission into the atmosphere or impose limits on its emission.Kant places emphasis on the will of an individual in a certain action rather than its consequences. Good will is the nigh important in Kants perspective. Following Kants moral philosophy, the solution of the dilemma of global warming basis be taking actions to protect the nature like growing trees while the practices causing global warming can be continued since the intention of human beings is to enhance the standard of living rather than destroying the nature.Deontological ethics asserts that human beings assume the responsibility to respect and protect others rights. Thus, human beings need to stop

Identification of Clostridium difficle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Identification of Clostridium difficle - Essay Example3-4). dissolution cases associated with C. difficle keep up been increasing in the contemporary universe of discourse. In addition, increased resistance has been identified. It is also a major cause of hospital-based transmittal. Specifically, this infection affects the inner linings of the colon and produces toxins, which can lead to serious inflammation as swell as diarrhoea. During the 2000s, this infection used to be treated using antibiotic fluoroquinolone to which the infection developed resistance. In the developed nations, C. difficle is a key cause of infectious diarrhoea. It is mostly spread in poor healthcare settings. The infection has not only become more prevalent in todays world but also gotten harder to treat.Bearing in mind that the infection emerged several decades ago, many diagnostic methods have been developed since the earliest times of its discovery. Some of these methods are effective while early(a )s have been ignored overdue to inconsistencies. This diagnosis incorporates a wide history of recent antibiotic therapy, diarrhoea development, or any other indication of acute colitis (Planche & Wilcox, 2011, p. 3). In addition, the diagnosis is also based on the demonstration of an infection by toxigenic C. difficle. This is usually done through the detection of toxin A or B within hindquarters samples. Pathogenesis leads to the production of toxin while the toxin strains are responsible for the production of toxin A, also known as enterotoxin or toxin B, cytotoxin. The diagnostic methods can be divided into several subsections that include science lab methods, antigen detection methods, and nucleic caustic amplification methods (McFarland, 2011, p. 431-432). The laboratory methods include culture Agar media, enriching pores, CCN test, and selective media. The antigen detection methods, on the other hand, include GDH Assays while the nucleic acid amplification methods include PCR Assays and LAMP Assays. Although there may be many diagnostic

D14 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

D14 - Assignment ExampleI expect most students to wear due to the constant hangovers.Yes it actually does. I did not consider that participating in the college insobriety games during the campus and frat house parties actually causes alcohol addiction or that alcohol poisoning is what happens when there is excessive drinking to a level of even passing out.No it should not be stopped. Based on the change magnitude raging behavior that teenagers and even students engage in when they are drunk such as risky sexual behaviors or even the alcohol poisoning that has claimed the lives of many young people, it should be continued. The masking would lifelessness leave the feeling of gratification and eliminate the despair most students feel while at the alike(p) ensuring that people remain sober enough to agree conscious decisions.No it will not make any difference. Most people who turn to alcohol even have no idea closely what brand they are taking and especially in clubs and hence w ill not even kick about the number of calories. Only those obsessed with weight will care and the number is negligible.What role do you think government should play in the advertising of alcohol (on television, to younger viewers, etc.)? Did watching the movie (in the disceptation of items to do), relevant even though it was from 2006, have any real impact?The advertisements about alcohol should be pushed to late night from 11am when most of the teenagers and young people are already asleep. The movie put it in black and white about the real deal with binge drinking to especially female college students and the internet site calls for dire change.Labeling will not make any significant changes in controlling or decrease the binge drinking in young college women or even older women for that matter. Many drink in order to forget some of their lifes misery and hence no labels would change that (Centre for scholarship in the Public Interest, 2008).Drinks such as four

University of California Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

University of California - Personal Statement Exampleniversitys missionary work of building both the characters and careers of the students through focusing on academic achievement, excellence of the institution and service for the biotic community encourage me to join and obtain my studies from the University of California.I am applying for a transfer to the program of worldwide Studies major with particular interests in Public relations and international relations. I have developed interest in the program because of my stick of different countries through prompt and study during my early studies. In the year 2007 for instance, I travelled to Australia on an academic trip which took a full month and I had firsthand make with cultural diversity. The experience was so strong and exciting that it in part encouraged my desire to travel and study in the United States. In the year 2010 I came to America as an international trade student from China. I had to overcome the challenges of language barrier and cultural shock, an experience that very enlighten to me as a student & person.Previously I have studied at the Suzhou foreign language school, Nathan Hale-Ray advanced School in Connecticut and the Justin Siena Catholic High school in Napa Valley Elac. My experience in America as an international student has tremendously influenced my person and future career choices curiously due to the cultural exchanges. I had the unique opportunity of studying with other students from different parts of the mankind such as German, Poland Hong Kong and others which allowed a lot of meaningful exchanged and propelled my desire to further my studies in Global Studies. I applied and was accepted by a number of universities but chose to pursue my studies at ELAC College with the bushel intention of transferring to the UC whose system I believe is the best.Having such a diverse background in equipment casualty of academics I have come to learn that peoples orientation and background play a significant role in influencing their communication and

Impact of training and development on employees performance in tesco Literature review

Impact of training and development on employees operation in tesco - Literature review ExampleThe significance behind continued training of employees has become overarching drift of needs of the society and consequently calling for a continuation of training programs in the organizations. This is a vital headache for the sake, of sustainability of the organization in the global competitive market.As documented by Nixon (2004), human resource proviso (HRP), is a core function in Human Resource Management (HRM) that determine the difference amongst victory and failure in any organization. Consequently, the effectiveness of human resource planning is determined by the competency of placing the right people in positions that they fit most and in proper time. Failure of experts in human resource management to meet this objective creates a significant flutter, called a training gap within the organization.In addition, this gap is a manifestation of the disparity between actual perfo rmances of employees to their anticipated performance and this gap can only be eliminated through incorporating programs of training and development in the firm (Nixon, 2004). It is therefore, careful for any organization to appreciate the fact that training and development has a significant impact on employees such as managers, sales staff and customer service individuals.Consequently, the importance of undertaking programs of training to comfort maximum returns from employees in investments. It is to the understanding of the management of organizations which are aspiring to gain a competitive edge, that the success of the business depends on the performance of the employees which is achieved through training and development (Conger & Rabindra, 2008).According to McDermott (2004), the duty of a association is to initiate a high model of commitment which avails the programs of training and development to employees of all hierarchy in the organization. The culture of an organizatio n should

Letter from a slaveholder Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Letter from a break ones backholder - Term make-up ExampleI have since made it my business to keep abreast of events and have in concomitant subscribed to a Boston abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, a fact you may frown upon only if which I consider essential, if we are not to be overtaken by events. In May, they pointed to the imminent publication of a archives by a certain Douglas, to which I paid scant attention. Three weeks ago, however, when I went to the club (yes, I know, you will frown on this too), the name was on everyones lips. Lundy3 was there with his crowd, gleefully claiming that this was a study blow to slavery and Baltimore would soon be slavery-free. We had to hold Thompson off, who was so enraged that he threatened Lundy quite ugly. He claimed that it was all a pack of lies, that this Douglas was known to him, that he had been a slave with the Aulds for the better part of 15 years and not one single statement was true, opposite than that he was a slave . If this wasnt enough, Thompson got into an argument with Donaldson, who claimed that Douglass wasnt a slave at all. Thompson took this as being called a liar and the fight was on for young and old. As you might imagine, I requested the book promptly and I have now read it. Well, what can I say I am deeply shocked and far more worried than I have been so far (if that is possible). We need to express about this, find any(prenominal) solutions we cannot let things go any longer. This is getting to a point where every self-respecting Christian and concerned plantation owner has to take action. But, I am rambling let me tell you what the book says. Douglass claims to have been born into slavery and separated from his mother at an early age. He is a half-caste and people thought (he said) that his then owner was his father (1). He describes various incidents of punishment of slaves (incredibly brutal) and as well draws a disturbing picture of slave life. At 6, he is moved to Balti more to Aaron Auld, where Lucretia (Aulds daughter) t separatelyes him to read the al-Quran (2). Aaron soon puts a stop to it, claiming that a slave who can read is no longer dress to be a slave. Apparently the boy overhears that and this is when he decides not to be a slave when he grows up, now teaching himself to read and write (3). Aaron dies. Thomas inherits the boy as part of the line of descent (4) and keeps him at St. Michaels. afterward that the boy is moved back and forth between Thomas and Hugh Auld but ends up back at St. Michaels, where Thomas apparently nearly starves him to death, eventually using him as guinea pig hand (where he gets savagely beaten at regular intervals but at least fed). After beating the foreman in a fight, he is sent to another place and there teaches other slaves to read and write. He eventually escapes. Thats the story and if what he says is correct, there is nothing of Hammonds infixed and common good in such misery (Hammond 1936). I have put notes in some places, about which I want to talk later. Right now, I want to go back to what happened at the club three weeks ago. You werent there, so you can have no idea of the scenes in that place. The snap of violence and the anger was so thick you could have cut it with a knife. People, who have known each other all their lives, and who are good people normally, were attacking each other in the most unprecedented way. This was not a good-natured argument that got a little out of hand. No, this was all-out war. If this is a sign of things

Motivation based on the Video Case.Dick Learns About Tipping Case Study

Motivation ground on the Video .Dick Learns About Tipping - Case Study ExampleIt can either be coercive or negative. In the video, Dick Solomon promises the expect that there is one muckle of one dollar bills and calls it potential drop tip(stimulant). This indicates that the tip lead not just be unleashed for the normal service but for tolerable service (the desire). He then tells the waitress that if he is pleased, the pile of the tip grows (positive reinforcement). Otherwise if unsatisfied, the pile shrinks (negative stimulus). As the waitress places the drinks on the table, she serves Mary the Dicks drunk and vice versa. At that point, Dick interchanges the drinks and goes however to penalize the waitress for that mistake as they earlier agreed. The waitress does not know the salad dressings and again the pile shrinks. On bringing the dressings, the first one doesnt appeal Dick and he goes on to depart the tip but on tasting the second one, he finds it nice and adds some more bills to the tip. The waitress now more enthusiastic comes with two alternatives of what the two would have for dinner. Dick is dissatisfied by the options and decides to smother the tip. At that point the waitress reactions show rage (the undesirable behavior). The expectancy theory assumes that people will perform better when they believe money will follow effective performance (Spector, p. 235-257). If money has a positive value for an individual, higher performance is expect (the waitress is happy when a tip is proposed). For a staff, outcomes are outcomes that are highly valued and high expectations will direct a person to refer greater effort in the task (depicted by the waitress enthusiasm). In this video, Dicks dodge was not successful. This is depicted where Mary has to come in between Dick and the waitress to be a reconciler. Mary decides to pay the meals as she saw that both Dick and the waitress were unpleased by each other. To append the success of his attempts to motivate the waitress, Dick could have employed the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory explains how goal setting importantly relates to job performance. It states that clear and challenging goals with feedback lead to better job performance (Locke, Edwin, & Gary, p388). Goals give direction of what is expected thus indicates the efforts required. In this scenario of Dick, he could have stated from the word go what he specifically wanted. He ordered the drinks well without waiting for the waiter to suggest for him the variety of drinks they served. Similarly, he could have done so for the meal. In so doing, it would have been easier for the waitress to serve them efficiently because the goals are specific, clear, and realistic. The waitress serving her clients was an sufficiency motivator for her to see her clients (Dick and Mary) satisfied. Again, if Dicks feedback was appropriate as it is advocated for in this theory, the waitress could have served them better. aft er the waitress mentioned the type of meal they offered, Dick just rushed to reducing the tip. Instead, he could have explained his displeasure and could have been served well. Tommy and Harrys behavior was influenced by equity and reinforcement theories. Equity theory advocates the commandment of balance, fairness and justice. Ones motivational level is thus measured against his level of perception of equity. In our case, when Tommy is standing he receives tips from two passersby while Harry who is sited receives from one passerby. On realizing this,

Italy profolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Italy profolio - testify ExampleUndercapitalization too, of banks in Europe contributed to it as they faced liquidity and debt problems. This also slowed down the economic fruit in this zone as it was unevenly distributed within member states. Mean duration, the governments of states mostly severely affected by this crisis have tried to coordinate their actions. A committee by the name The Troika who has constituting member organizations argon European Commission, Central Bank and International Monetary Fund takes care of this issue.Fiscal policy stimulates the slowness of the economy through the tax cuts while the spending the rises. Increase in spending does take smirch quickly while the tax cuts may take a long time to cause an push on gross spending and proceeds.In monetary policy, through federal withstand Act, The Federal Reserve System and Federal Market Committee should be in the forefront in promoting some smooth employment goals, long term and mode rest interest rat es with stable prices. Through this principle, Federal Reserve can regulate the value of money and credit plus their price-interest rates thereby influencing employment, output and general level of prices.The legislature is composed of the lower house, which is the chamber of deputies and the upper house comprising of senate. Despite the houses existence legally equal, the Chamber of Deputies has influence that is more political and most Italys vocal politicians do go erstwhile(prenominal) in this chamber. All house members are elected by popular votes for a term of 5 age in office. The Senate has 315 seats while that of Chamber of Deputies has 630 seats and another 10 seats reserved for life members who includes past presidents and honorary nominees. A voter must be of 25years of age to cast his or her vote for Senate while in other elections, 18years is the minimum age to vote. To vie for Senatorial seat, one has to be of 40 years and above, and for the Chamber

A grammar test to an intermediate level Assignment

A grammar test to an intermediate level - Assignment ExampleFor a longtime teachers live had a stark time trying to determine whether their students have grasped the various education concepts tests were consequently introduced to enable teachers asses the learning levels of their students (Harmer 2007, Pg 2). introductory to any testing exercise, teachers practically put many factors into consideration, much(prenominal), may include the age of the students, the topics covered on a lower floor study. One of the importances of testing the intermediate students position language levels is that it helps the teacher make various decisions regarding the teaching models to use. Teachers have various styles of teaching and such may affect the students understanding of the given topic (Hughes 1989, pg 15). The testing therefore enables teachers to tailor their teaching styles to retard the students that are being taught. In the face of ever changing side of meat and language deve lopments, the testing of students gives them icon to these changes. Students at intermediate levels may not have so practically grasp and command of the English language, however, through testing the teachers may introduce elements that will be commensurate for their learning (Yule, 2000 Pg 17). Therefore, testing of this assortment allows the teacher to determine what the learners ought to know and the various changes that are talking abode in the English language. done testing, the teacher will be able to know the various interests of the learners especially in regards to the learning styles relevant in teaching them. For instances students that are convergers.... Prior to any testing exercise, teachers often put many factors into consideration, such, may include the age of the students, the topics covered under study. One of the importances of testing the intermediate students English language levels is that it helps the teacher make various decisions regarding the teachin g models to use. Teachers have various styles of teaching and such may affect the students understanding of the given topic (Hughes 1989, pg 15). The testing therefore enables teachers to tailor their teaching styles to fit the students that are being taught. In the face of ever changing English and language developments, the testing of students gives them exposure to these changes. Students at intermediate levels may not have so much grasp and command of the English language, however, through testing the teachers may introduce elements that will be suitable for their learning (Yule, 2000 Pg 17). Therefore, testing of this kind allows the teacher to determine what the learners ought to know and the various changes that are talking place in the English language. Through testing, the teacher will be able to know the various interests of the learners especially in regards to the learning styles applicable in teaching them. For instances students that are convergers are often solitary a nd may not homogeneous learning in the same environment as the others (Yule, 2000 Pg 17). Through this the teacher will be in a position to identify the conformist students who have preference to studying the language rather than using the language. Others like concrete learners and the communicative learners will also be identified and the teacher will come up with various teaching models that are suitable for them. Having knowledge on the type of students in your

President Bush's speech about Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

President pubic hairs actors line about Iraq - Essay ExampleMany citizens and press criticized the words, as untrustworthy and deserving no credit. It is assertable to explain by the fact that people are sick and tired of lies they hear about Iraq war. To summaries the speech it is possible to say that the aim of it was to prove the fact that Iraq is the battle in a war against terrorists.In general, Bushs address to the citizens was a disappointment that came under quick and harsh criticism, particularly for its repeated, overt references to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. Democrats in their critical remarks accused the President of using notions of obscure a series of failures in the war. The most temper of the public was cause by the emphasis that there was no direct connection between ibn Talal Hussein and September 11, saying that the comparison was fair because they were both part of a threat from terrorists nurtured in the shopping mall East. That argument drew instant s corn from public, who supposed that government was interested in the continued soldiers operations on the basis of a threat that did not exist before the invasion.President Bush made an attempt to find support for his policy on Iraq, and instead it became disturbingly clear that the events of the agone years have not changed much in the interpretation of the Iraq

Gender relations after WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender relations later on WWII - Essay frameworkIn the World War Two, women started doing more industrial jobs and even participated in the military actions in the comportment line. Before the war, men were considered as the breadwinners who need to work outside the homes, while the womens role was contained at bottom the confines of the house. However, as some sixteen million males were enlisted or were drafted into the military, employers recruited women to fill the roles on the concourse lines of what were referred to, as essential industry opportunities. (Bryant 2009). During the war, there was also the need for heightened production from the industries to support the war efforts, and with unaccompanied minimal men available to fill the vacancies, women were recruited in large lists and were encouraged to play big roles outside their homes. Even various propagandas were carried out thorough mediums including print, radio, films, etc., to entice women to join the workforce . However, there was a convey and that mainly conduct to some opposition, resulting in the changing of gender relations after the War. That is, womens employment was that encouraged as long as the war was on. Once the war was over, federal and civilian policies replaced women workers with men. (PBS). With the externalize of handing over the jobs to the returning men, the women were restricted from continuing in their jobs and importantly encouraged to take over their family roles. That is, after the war, there was a strong reassertion of long-established gender roles, with the running(a) women asked to return to their homes, so they can rebuild and stabilize their families, as many families suffered some form of disruption due to the war. Motherhood lay at the centre of stigmatise-war constructions of femininity, bolstered by theories of the damage suffered by children deprived of mothering, while men were constructed as breadwinners. (Pears). Although sizable number of worki ng women left their jobs and returned to their traditional roles inside their homes after the war, other sections of the women wanted to push in their jobs. They matt-up liberated and also socially as well as financially independent because of the jobs, and wanted to continue in the same path. Thus, the women who were supposed to give back the jobs to the men started resisting because of their new found positive status. This led to gender confrontation, as the returning soldiers faced a lot of difficulties in finding jobs in post war societies in European countries and United States of America. After serving the country, the men expected jobs and comfort in their homes. However, with women wanting to continue in their jobs, they faced difficulties in both the fronts. This led to confrontation between the genders in both at the home and at the workplace. Due to the growing influence of the women, men felt imperil and they responded with harassment and discrimination against the wom en. The independence given to women during the war and its removal with the advent of the returning men, had a authorised effect on gender relations (Study World). This scenario also laid the seeds for the raise of Women rights movements in various countries. With working women being confined to their homes, the women

Speech on racism Essay Example for Free

Speech on racism EssaySelection of assay topics is not an easy task. commonly students ar assigned to select hear topics for their judge physical composition. Once they have selected the hear topics, the other trouble is of writing a suitable and persuasive rise for that selected essay topic. After having an essay topic in your hand, you start thinking ab come out of the closet points that should be included in that essay topic. There argon galore(postnominal) essay topics, which are informative essay topics, lit periodture essay topics, history essay topics, research essay topics, controversial essay topics, descriptive essay topics, history essay topics, motley essay topics, industriousness essay topics, analysis essay topics, argumentative essay topics, admission essay topics, canvass and contrast essay topics, driveway and effect essay topics, English essay topics, argument essay topics and college application essay topics. 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Phil .Literature Essay Example for Free

Phil .Literature Essay Philippine literary production during the the Statesn Period in the Philippines was spurred by deuce significant knowledges in education and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for t bulge ensemble children of check age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools. Free public education made knowledge and information accessible to a greater number of Philippines. Those who availed of this education through college were able to improve their social status and joined a proficient number of educated masses who became part of the countrys middle illuminate. The use of English as medium of instruction introduced Philippines to Anglo-the Statesn modes of thought, culture and life ways that would be embedded not only in the hands produced but also in the psyche of the countrys educated class. It was this educated class that would be the wellspring of a vibrant Philippine Literat ure in English. Philippine literature in English, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could not escape being apish of American models of writing especially during its stopover of apprenticeship.The verse written by advance(prenominal) poets manifested studied attempts at versification as in the following poem which is proof of the poets rather elementary exercise in the English language Vacation daylights at last are here, And we have time for pleasure so dear, All boys and girls do gladly cheer, This welcomed season of the year. In early June in school well bear A harder task shall we complete And if we fail we must repeat That self same task without retreat. We entirely rest to come again To school where boys and girls obtain The Creators gift to men Whose cherry hopes in us remain. Vacation means a time for playFor young and old in night and day My wish for all is to be gay, And evil none lead you astray- Juan F. Salazar Philippines Free Press, m ay 9, 1909 The poem was anthologized in the offshoot collection of poetry in English, Filipino Poetry, edited by Rodolfo Dato (1909 1924). Among the poets have in this anthology were Proceso Sebastian Maximo Kalaw, Fernando Maramag, Leopoldo Uichanco, Jose Ledesma, Vicente Callao, Santiago Sevilla, Bernardo Garcia, Francisco Africa, Pablo Anzures, Carlos P. Romulo, Francisco Tonogbanua, Juan Pastrana, Maria Agoncillo, Paz Marquez Benitez, Luis Dato and many former(a)s.An otherwise anthology, The English German Anthology of Poetsedited by Pablo Laslo was published and cover poets published from 1924-1934 among whom were Teofilo D. Agcaoili, Aurelio Alvero, Horacio de la Costa, Amador T. Daguio, Salvador P. Lopez, Angela Manalang Gloria, Trinidad Tarrosa, Abelardo Subido and Jose Garcia Villa, among others. A third pre-war collection of poetry was edited by Carlos Bulosan, Chorus for America Six Philippine Poets. The six poets in this collection were Jose Garcia Villa, Rafael Zuluet a da Costa, Rodrigo T. Feria, C. B. Rigor, Cecilio Baroga and Carlos Bulosan.In simile, the plosive speech sound of apprenticeship in literary writing in English is marked by imitation of the style of account statementtelling and strict adherence to the finesse of the unforesightful story as practiced by popular American fictionists. Early short story writers in English were often dubbed as the Andersons or Saroyans or the Hemingways of Philippine letters. Leopoldo Yabes in his study of the Philippine short story in English from 1925 to 1955 points to these models of American fiction exerting profound exercise on the early writings of story writers like Francisco Arcellana, A.E. Litiatco, Paz Latorena. . When the University of the Philippines was founded in 1908, an elite group of writers in English began to exert influence among the culturati. The U. P. Writers Club founded in 1926, had stated that one of its aims was to enhance and propagate the language of Shakespeare. In 1925, Paz Marquez Benitez short story, utter Stars was published and was made the landmark of the maturity of the Filipino writer in English. Soon after Benitez, short story writers began publishing stories no longer imitative of American models.Thus, story writers like Icasiano Calalang, A. E. Litiatco, Arturo Rotor, Lydia Villanueva, Paz Latorena , Manuel Arguilla began publishing stories manifesting both(prenominal) skilled use of the language and a keen Filipino sensibility. This combination of writing in a borrowed tongue while dwelling on Filipino customs and traditions earmarked the literary output of major Filipino fictionists in English during the American period. Thus, the major novels of the period, much(prenominal) as the Filipino Rebel, by Maximo Kalaw, and His Native earth by Juan C.Laya, are discourses on cultural identity, nationhood and being Filipino done in the English language. Stories such as How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife by Manuel Arguilla scanned the scenery as well as the folkways of Ilocandia while N. V. M. Gonzaless novels and stories such as Children of the Ash Covered Loam, present the panorama of Mindoro, in all its customs and traditions while configuring its characters in the human dilemma of nostalgia and poverty.Apart from Arguilla and Gonzales, noted fictionists during the period included Francisco Arcellana, whom Jose Garcia Villa lauded as a genius storyteller, Consorcio Borje, Aida Rivera, Conrado Pedroche, Amador Daguio, Sinai Hamada, Hernando Ocampo, Fernando Maria Guerrero. Jose Garcia Villa himself wrote several short stories but devoted most of his time to poetry. In 1936, when the Philippine Writers League was organized, Filipino writers in English began discussing the value of literature in society. Initiated and led by Salvador P.Lopez, whose essays on Literature and Societyprovoked debates, the discussion centered on proletarian literature, i. e. , engaged or committed literature versus the art for ar ts sake literary orientation. But this discussion curiously left out the issue of colonialism and colonial literature and the whole place of literary writing in English below a colonial set-up that was the Philippines then. With Salvador P. Lopez, the essay in English gained the upper hand in day to day discourse on politics and governance. Polemicists who used to write in Spanish like Claro M.Recto, slowly started development English in the discussion of current events even as newspaper dailies moved away from Spanish reporting into English. Among the essayists, Federico Mangahas had an easy facility with the language and the essay as genre. Other noted essayists during the period were Fernando Maramag, Carlos P. Romulo , Conrado Ramirez. On the other hand, the flowering of a vibrant literary tradition due to historical events did not on the whole hamper literary production in the native or indigenous languages.In fact, the early period of the 20th one C was unparalleled for t he significant literary output of all major languages in the versatile literary genre. It was during the early American period that seditious plays, using the form of the zarsuwela, were mounted. Zarsuwelistas Juan Abad, Aurelio Tolentino ,Juan Matapang Cruz. Juan Crisostomo Sotto mounted the classics like Tanikalang Ginto, Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas and Hindi Ako Patay, all directed against the American imperialists. Patricio Marianos Anak ng Dagat and Severino Reyess Walang Sugat are equally remarkable zarsuwelas staged during the period.On the eve of World War II, Wilfredo Maria Guerrero would gain dominance in theater through his one-act plays which he toured through his mobile theatre. Thus, Wanted a Chaperone and The Forsaken Housebecame very popular in campuses throughout the archipelago. The novel in Tagalog, Iloko, Hiligaynon and Sugbuanon also developed during the period aided largely by the sozzled publication of weekly magazines like the Liwayway, Bannawag and Bisaya wh ich serialized the novels. Among the early Tagalog novelists of the 20th century were Ishmael Amado, Valeriano Hernandez Pena, Faustino Aguilar, Lope K.Santos and Lazaro Francisco. Ishmael Amados Bulalakaw ng Pag-asa published in 1909 was one of the earliest novels that dealt with the ancestor of American imperialism in the Philippines. The novel, however, was not released from the stamp press until 1916, at which time, the author, by his own admission and after having been sent as a pensionado to the U. S. , had other ideas apart from those he wrote in the novel. Valeriano Hernandez Penas Nena at Neneng narrates the story of two women who happened to be best of friends as they cope with their relationships with the men in their lives.Nena succeeds in her married life while Neneng suffers from a stormy unification because of her jealous husband. Faustino Aguilar published Pinaglahuan, a love triangle set in the early years of the century when the workers movement was being make. The novels hero, Luis Gatbuhay, is a worker in a printery who isimprisoned for a chimerical accusation and loses his love, Danding, to his rival Rojalde, son of a wealthy capitalist. Lope K. Santos, Banaag at Sikat has almost the same theme and motif as the hero of the novel, Delfin, also falls in love with a rich woman, missy of a wealthy landlord.The love story of course is set also within the background of development of the workers trade union movement and throughout the novel, Santos engages the readers in lengthy treatises and discourses on socialism and capitalism. many an(prenominal) other Tagalog novelists wrote on variations of the same theme, i. e. , the interplay of fate, love and social justice. Among these writers are Inigo Ed Regalado, Roman Reyes, Fausto J. Galauran, Susana de Guzman, Rosario de Guzman-Lingat, Lazaro Francisco, Hilaria Labog, Rosalia Aguinaldo, Amado V. Hernandez.Many of these writers were able to produce three or more novels as Soledad Reyes wo uld bear out in her book which is the result of her dissertation, Ang Nobelang Tagalog (1979). Among the Iloko writers, noted novelists were Leon Pichay, who was also the regions poet laureate then, Hermogenes Belen, and Mena Pecson Crisologo whose Mining wenno Ayat ti Kararwa is considered to be the Iloko magnetic variation of a Noli me Tangere. In the Visayas, Magdalena Jalandoni and Ramon Muzones would lead most writers in writing the novels that dwelt on the themes of love, courtship, life in the farmlands, and other social upheavals of the period.Marcel Navarra wrote stories and novels in Sugbuhanon. Poetry in all languages continued to flourish in all regions of the country during the American period. The Tagalogs, hailing Francisco F. Balagtas as the nations foremost poet invented the balagtasan in his honor. Thebalagtasan is a debate in verse, a poetical joust done almost spontaneously between protagonists who debate over the pros and cons of an issue. The first balagtasan was held in March 1924 at the Instituto de Mujeres, with Jose Corazon de Jesus and Florentino Collantes as rivals, bubuyog (bee) and paru-paro (butterfly) aiming for the love of kampupot (jasmine).It was during this balagtasan that Jose Corazon de Jesus, known as Huseng Batute, emerged triumphant to give-up the ghost the first king of the Balagtasan. Jose Corazon de Jesus was the finest master of the genre. He was later followed by balagtasistas, Emilio Mar Antonio and Crescenciano Marquez, who also became nance of the Balagtasan in their own time. As Huseng Batute, de Jesus also produced the finest poems and lyrics during the period. His debates with Amado V. Hernandez on the political issue of independence from America and nationhood were mostly done in verse and are testament to the vitality of Tagalog poetry during the era.Lope K. Santos, epical poem, Ang Panggingera is also proof of how poets of the period have come to master the language to be able to retell it into effect ive poetry. The balagtasan would be echoed as a poetical fiesta and would be duplicated in the Ilocos as thebukanegan, in honor of Pedro Bukaneg, the supposed transcriber of the epic, Biag ni Lam-ang and theCrissottan, in Pampanga, in honor of the esteemed poet of the Pampango, Juan Crisostomo Sotto. In 1932, Alejandro G. Abadilla , arm with new criticism and an orientation onmodernist poetry would taunt traditional Tagalog poetics with the publication of his poem, Ako ang Daigdig. Abadillas poetry began the era of modernism in Tagalog poetry, a departure from the traditional rhymed, measured and orally recited poems. Modernist poetry which utilised free or blank verses was intended more for silent reading than oral delivery. Noted poets in Tagalog during the American period were Julian Cruz Balmaceda, Florentino Collantes, Pedro Gatmaitan, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Benigno Ramos, Inigo Ed. Regalado, Ildefonso Santos, Lope K.Santos, Aniceto Silvestre, Emilio Mar.Antonio, Alejandro Abad illa and Teodoro Agoncillo. Like the writers in English who formed themselves into organizations, Tagalog writers also formed the Ilaw at Panitik, and held discussions and workshops on the value of literature in society. Benigno Ramos, was one of the most politicized poets of the period as he aligned himself with the peasants of the Sakdal Movement. Fiction in Tagalog as well as in the other languages of the regions developed on base the novel. Most fictionists are also novelists.Brigido Batungbakal , Macario Pineda and other writers chose to dwell on the vicissitudes of life in a changing rural landscape. Deogracias Del Rosario on the other hand, chose the city and the emerging social elite as subjects of his stories. He is considered the get of the modern short story in Tagalog Among the more popular fictionists who emerged during the period are two women writers, Liwayway Arceo and Genoveva Edroza Matute, considered forerunners in the use of light fiction, a kind of story tell ing that uses language through poignant rendition.Genoveva Edroza Matutes Akoy Isang Tinig and Liwayway Arceos Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa have been used as models of fine writing in Filipino by teachers of composition throughout the school system. Teodoro Agoncillos anthology 25 Pinakamahusay na Maiikling Kuwento (1945) included the foremost writers of fiction in the pre-war era.The separate, yet parallel developments of Philippine literature in English and those in Tagalog and other languages of the archipelago during the American period only prove that literature and writing in whatever language and in whatever climate are able to survive mainly through the active imagination of writers. Apparently, what was lacking during the period was for the writers in the various languages to come together, share experiences and come to a conclusion on the elements that constitute good writing in the Philippines.

Textual analysis of Glamour Girls Essay Example for Free

Textual analysis of ravish Girls EssayOne example of a convention utilise in many documentaries which is seen in charm Girls is voyeurism. This is use because the audition argon made to look in on well-nighthing which they wouldnt usually do such(prenominal) as the models being filmed while on their photo shoots. This leads to another example utilize in magnetise Girls being the location. There be shots of the locations use in the documentary because it shows the reality of what being a glamour girl is like. There atomic number 18 many talking head shots used in interviews because they are confessional and is used to also show what the girls are like compared to what they are perceived as.Glamour Girls explores the issues of body get a line and the ideology of beauty. This emphasis the way that body image is an important part of the Glamour Girls lifestyles. This leads the documentary to explore the lifestyles of the models, getting up close and personal to show the r eality of modeling to the audience.The message given to the audience in Glamour Girls is that to be a model, you have to be size zero. It also shows that the industry is genuinely harsh to models, especially if they arent thin enough or because of the way they look.The female voice over is used in Glamour Girls reinforces the target audience which makes the documentary shown as a more than feminine domain. This is because females are more wary as to what they look like and they compare themselves to girls which they see in magazines.Conflict is used to attract the audience because it shows the way the glamour girls compete against each other to look the best. This puts pressure on the girls because they want to look the best out of other glamour girls.During the title sequence, the female voice-over makes the preferred signification obvious because they show found images from archives. The way in which the titles attract a younger audience to get a line the documentary is the us e of young dance music which is popular within the younger audiences.The main locations used in the documentary which are used intromit the shoots because it shows the main part of being a glamour girl. There are shots of the main office of the modeling agency to show what happens and what they do. One shot used is on a beach. This reinforces the theme of sex because of the way the glamour girls are posing.During the documentary, there are some visuals which are black and white. These are used because it shows the past and what happened before the shoots. It also shows the progression of time.There are different ways in which the characters in the documentary have been created through camera and editing include showing close ups of beauty products. Another way is through the panning shot of the body. Both of these examples reinforces the idea of having to be thin and beautiful to be seen as a glamour model.The age represented in Glamour Girls makes the documentary shown as more ext reme because of the way in which they reference the age of the girls seen on the show. This makes more of the younger viewers worry about what they look like because of the age of the models.Experts are used in the show because they tell you what you have to do to be a glamour model and give you an insight as to what it is like to be a glamour model. Because they are shown as the experts on the documentary, they are seen as trustworthy while being instructive.Glamour Girls, and other documentaries in the same style, are more satisfying for BBC3 to broadcast because of the audience which are more drawn to the channel. It is also seen as more of an entertainment or else than serious which is seen more on channel4. These types of programs have more fashion style images and themes.

Decision Making Evaluation Paper Essay Example for Free

Decision making paygrade Paper EssayRe-organization and Layoff Decision Making Evaluation Paper Management has many changes they adjust to daily. just about of the changes come from firing and lay-off employees. When these changes do take place they can change how the organization develops. Management depart have to be able to handle change and still keep the organization developing in a positive direction. According to Work Systems (20150, Selecting and implementing significant change is one of the most challenging undertakings that see an organization (2015). It is vital to an organization to have properly trained management to handle these issues Recommendation from both creative solutions identified from week 4 Why the solution would help the middle income customer (credible sources) for contain Business decision should make based on solutionWhen an organization is considering layoffs the first thing they should do is decide whether the layoffs are necessary and can they d o it legally. Then consider other resources for example, hiring freeze or no pay raises and promotions. They can also reduce authorized overtime, pay cuts, teleworking, and other cost cutting. Making sure you have solid legal grounds and have a legitimate business reason. virtually other steps organizations can take are reviewing actual policies and past practices, check written force out policies, check employment contracts, and review collective bargaining agreements. You can also consider offering rift or other termination benefits. By implementing some of these alternatives fewer works will question if a layoff is truly necessary.ReferencesGuerin, L. (n.d.). Making Layoff Decisions Nolo.com. Retrieved January 31, 2015, fromhttp//www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/making-layoff-decisions-29949.html Work Systems. (2015). Retrieved from httttp//worksystems.com/services/organizational_change.html

The Three Models Of Memory Essay Example for Free

The Three Models Of storehouse EssayMemory- Task 1Evaluate the usefulness of the trine rides of computer storage (multi-store model, working memory model and the levels of touch on model) and discuss practical implications of memory research. Atkinson and Shiffrins Multi- store Model of Memory (1968) hypothesises that on that point atomic number 18 three stores for memory Sensory memory, short term memory (STM) and dour term memory (long-term memory). The theory states that a memory passes through all(prenominal) of the stores and that the importance of the memory determines which store the memory is kept in and so how long it is have goted. This relatively simple model is supported by evidence from free recall experiments and from studies performed on patients with brain damage such(prenominal) as HM. An example of a free recall experiment is Murdock (1962) in which participants were shown lists, of differing lengths, of words for a period of one entropy, they were consequently asked to recall as many words as possible. Murdock found that the words at the beginning, primary effect, and end, recency effect, were recalled more accurately than those in the middle. This is known as the serial position effect and proves that there are two separate stores from which the memories were recalled, which supports the multi-store memory models short and long memory stores. Studies on brain damaged patients like HM (Milner et al, 1978), who began to suffer from anterograde amnesia after most(prenominal) of his hippocampi were removed in an operation, overly support the working memory models theory that STM and long-term memory are separate stores. HM was able to recall memories from eleven years before the operation hitherto wasnt able to reckon who was president of the United States and forgot who he was talking to as soon as he turned a substance (Jenni Ogden, PhD, 2012). It is argued however that the multi-store memory model oversimplifies the rol es of the STM and long-term memory. Atkinson and Shiffren also failed to acknowledge the interaction mingled with stores something which Baddeley and Hitch (1974) dealt with in their workings Memory Model. The idea that simple rehearsal accounts for the transfer of a memory from the STM to the LTM was also criticised as this doesnt take into account important events for example a motorcar accident. Events such as this seem to immediately be stored in LTM again this is dealt with by some other memory model, Craik and Lockheart (1972) Levels of bear on. The working memory model also fails to recognise memory improvement techniques, for example the regularity of loci which uses points on an imaginary journey as away of memorising particular items.Despite accurately theorising that the LTM and STM are separate stores the multi-store memory model fails to account for many instances in which the flow of memory doesnt follow the three store route and although accurate at the clip, research has, over time, out date it. In contrast Baddeley and Hitchs (1974) Working Memory Model states that a Central Executive allocates resources and decides how attention is directed, although it doesnt bear any capacity it does hold memory long enough to direct attention. An Episodic Buffer then integrates the information and is used as a general storage space for acoustic and visual tips. The phonologic Loop holds and rehearses words and the Audio-Visual Sketchpad allows temporary holding of visual images. The intuitive Working Memory Model is furthest more complex than either the Multi-Store Model or the Levels of Processing and is high in face hardihood. The lustiness of each section of the Working Memory Model is supported through various different experiments such as Baddeley and Lewiss (1981) study into the importance of the articulatory loop. By asking participants whether or not a sentence was gistful, for example, the cow ate the grass or the bone ate the dog, u nder both normal conditions and when repeating something meaning slight to stop them from using their articulatory loop. Doing this effectively reduced recall in the latter results. This, Baddeley and Lewis claimed, supported their theory of a presence of an articulatory loop. In a study by Baddeley et al (1975) the phonologic loop was shown to be capable of holding two seconds of information. Baddeley et al (1975) asked participants to recall five dollar bill words in correct baffle. What the experiment demonstrated was that it was the length of the word and not the discreetness that firm recall. in time further studies have gone on to suggest that a determining factor is the time it takes to pronounce a word as opposed to its alphabetical length. James W. Stigler (1986) found in a study on digit memory in Chinese and English that children, used because they were less in all likelihood to have knowledge of memory improvement techniques, from China were more efficient at reme mbering be than their English speaking counterparts. This, Stigler theorises, is due to Chinese numbers being shorter to pronounce. The visuospatial scratchpad, referred to sometimes as the inner affection is what allows someone to remember shapes such as letters and visualise something that isnt there, for example, whether ornot your car would gather into a particular parking space. It depose also allow us to hold static images and master them, thus we are able to appreciate a layout of a particular area and find our way around (Psychology Resources, 2000). Logie (1995) argues that the visuo-spatial scratchpad is in fact far more complex and refers to it as the Visuo-spatial Working memory. This is supported by Baddeley and Lieberman (1980) whose pattern of results suggest that visuo-spatial working memory did indeed comprise a system that was involved in visuo-spatial retention, in visuo-spatial perception, and in motor control. The Working Memory Model is high in face validi ty and despite being far more complex than either the Multi- Store Model or Levels of Processing Model is reinforced by various experiments. These experiments clearly present the different sections the Working Memory Model.It also takes into account things the other models do not, for example, the Working Memory Model allows for memory to pass directly into LTM without rehearsal, something Multi-Store and Levels of Processing do not, events that are traumatic or massively significant do not postulate rehearsal and this is something the Working Model addresses. As well as this Baddeley and Lewiss model is highly applicable to echt world situations, for example, Baddeley et al (1975) showed the word length effect, a real world counterpart would be attempting to remember a shopping list. The only criticism of The Working Memory Model is the lack of information in regards to the Central Executive, however further investigation is required to discover what its capacity actually is. It is theorised that many accidents are caused by its limited capacity and that information on its exact capacity may have serious implication for accident control (Psychology Resources, 2000). Craik and Lockharts (1975) Levels of Processing Model focuses on the fermentes involved in memory kind of of the stores/ structures (McLeod, 2007). Craik and Lockhart (1975) took a non-structured approach to the memory model, this was as a result of the criticism garnered by Atkinson and Shiffrens earlier Working Memory Model.The chief idea behind the Levels of Processing Model is that memory is a result of process information and that length of memory is determined by the importance of the information, something referred to as sense of processing. Craik defined depth as the meaningfulness extracted from thestimulus alternatively than in terms of the number of analyses performed upon it.Orthographic processing is the simplest way in which we process information and thus, according to the mod el, the one which retains the least memory, it is also referred to as shallow processing. This when we consider the sensual features of, for example, a word. Craik and Tulvig (1975) demonstrated this by asking is this word in capital letters? this requires you to only process the word physically. Similarly to the Multi-Store Model maintenance rehearsal is also required in order to retain memories the Levels of Processing Model deems shallow.Medium processing or phonological processing as its sometimes called is the second level of processing. This Craik and Lockhart hypothesise takes into account the acoustic value of a word, this they argue is deeper processing than orthographic because it requires you to process a sound instead of an image. Craik and Tulvig (1975) again demonstrated this by asking does this word rhyme with ? this activates your phonological processing as you have to process the word acoustically (Psychology Resource, 2000).The deepest level of processing is what Craik and Lockhart describe as semantic processing. Semantic processing is described by Robert Gallo as allowing subjects to encode more unique features from each word relative to surface processing . . . additional conceptual or semantic features help to fork the studied items from each other, making these memories less susceptible to interference . . . . Semantic processing requires the use of meaning to process a word, Craig and Tulvig (1975) asked would this word fit into a sentence? Jane bought some for dinner in reply the question you would have to process the meaning.The basis of the model is quite simple, the more you process the memory, the more probable you are to remember it. However the model fails to explain why this is the case, meaning the model is descriptive rather than explanatory. The model was the first to suggest that process used have an effect on memory and has had implications on memory improvement techniques, for example, the Method of Loci is the proces s of placing things at variouspoints of a journey in order to make them more memorable, this is semantic processing. What there isnt is a way in which processing can be measured, Baddeley (1978) points out that well remembered events are attributed as deeply processed however because of this the argument that deep processing equals better recall is circular and thus cannot be tested (Psychology Resource, 2000).Memory research is crucial in many areas and none more so than in Eyewitness affirmation. This is a legal term that is oft used, and respected in a court of law. A jury can find witness testimony a reliable source of information however research into memory has shown that it may not be as reliable as previously thought. Elizabeth Loftus theorises that memory under any circumstances is subject to inaccuracy and that there are many wrongful convictions every year as a result of faulty eyewitness testimony. Loftus et al. (1987) showed subjects of slides of a customer in a rest aurant. In one version the customer was holding a gun, in the other the same person held a chequebook. Those who saw the gun version tended to focus on the gun. Thus they were less likely to identify the customer in a line-up as those who had seen the chequebook version. Clifford and Scott (1978) also supports Loftuss theory. They found after showing participants a film of a violent attack that recall was less than a control group who saw something less stressful and were able to recall 40 items of information. However this gun focus theory has been challenged by Yuille and Cutshall (1986) who found that witnesses to a real shooting in Canada had unique accurate memories of the event. This contradicts both Loftus et al (1987) and Clifford and Scott (1978). This leads us to believe that memory recall in stressful situations can be subject to very different levels of interpretation. Where Loftus et al (1987) shows us clearly that people focus on, potentially the most shocking item. Y uille and Cutshall (1986) challenge that by using a real event to show some may be able to recall accurately. However this only goes to highlight the radical differences seen in eyewitness testimony.ReferencesJenni Ogden, Ph.D. (2012). HM, the Man with No Memory.

The Chesapeake and New England regions Essay Example for Free

The Chesapeake and parvenue Eng repose regions EssayBy the 1700s the English came to the virgin World and sett conduct in The Chesapeake and New England regions. The lives of the state settled in these regions were centered on cardinal dissimilar lifestyles. Distinctive differences between these regions were in expectations, beliefs, and social cultures. The differences created a clear cut between northwestward and South. The wide gap between the development of The Chesapeake and New England regions was mainly because of the way their lives were centered. The Chesapeakes were geared around monetary profits and striking it rich, while New Englands focal point was about family and religious freedom. The Chesapeake region was settled in part to get rich quick, like what Captain John Smith said on that point was no talkbut dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold (Doc F). Life expectancy was low because the great unwashed only cared about gold. They barely took time to eat and take care of themselves. Diseases took its toll on the people of this region few people lived to the age of 50. Because of that many people grew up never knowing their grandparents, which led to no family values being taught. Women were scarce men outnumbered women six to one. In the Ships List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia on that point was about fifty star men and sixteen single women aboard. (Doc C) Governor Berkeley and His Council reported on their softness to def dismiss Virginia against a Dutch attack because one third of the freemen available for defense are single freemen whose labor will hardly maintain them. (Doc G) Many woman wound up pregnant forward marriage and many ended up widows having to raise a family as a single mother.The Chesapeake regions footing and weather was perfect for tobacco cultivation. They profited quickly with tobacco, but tobacco ruined the soil so they ever had to expand for more land to grow more tobacco. With the scarcity of people , the need for laborers was high. In the beginning bound servants were given passage and sometimes a small plot of land to come to the colony to work. formerly they were freemen most of them never received their land, which led to the Bacons Rebellion. To justify the rebellion, in Bacons Manifesto, he stated that the government and land owners were at fault for the rebellion for withholding the land and money they fully deserved and were promised. (Doc H) Then dismal slaves became thelabor source of the Chesapeakes. They were less rebellious and easily controlled according to the landowners. Racial discrimination developed with the idea that the blacks were made to serve. The social gap began to appear and widen causing much controversy in the area.On the other hand there was the New England region, where the people had a completely different view on life. The priority of this region was a family focus. In New England it was much cleaner, nicer, and cooler so there was particul ar disease and death. This increased the life expectancy by ten to twenty age, which helped create a die stable family life. People grew up knowing their grandparents, and widowhood was less common. In the Ships List of Emigrants Bound for New England approximately all of the emigrants were families of more then four. (Doc B) New Englanders tended to stay together as a family. Women married in their twenties and gave birth every two or so years. New England men had much business leader over the women because widowhood was less likely many women didnt have the same rights as they did in the south.Towns were centered on the community so they intended that the towns be composed of at least forty familiesrich and poor, and that everyone should have a share of meadow and a house lot. (Doc D) In every town there was a meetinghouse surrounded by house and a village green. A meetinghouse was used for community gatherings and a place of worship. Puritanism was very strong in the New Eng land region. The town recommended that all tradesmen consider the religious end of their callings and how they can and will be serving God. (Doc E) Education was of high importance towns of fifty families had to provide primitive education and towns of one hundred had to proved secondary education.They established their first college, Harvard College, only eight years after settlement unlike Virginias college, William and Mary, which took eighty years. New Englanders became great traders because they had a lack of soil and place area. Which made it less ethnically mixed because there was no need for black slave labor. fish and ship building were other main occupations of New England. Weather was extreme and rivers were fast-moving which contributed to their isolation from England. Because of this New England settler were very stern, stubborn, self-reliant, resourceful, and energetic.The English settling in America led to the development of The Chesapeake and New England regions. The final number from these settlers was two distinct societies. Although they came to the New World on the same voyage, they were more different than you could imagine. The Chesapeake region achieved their inquisition of wealth and maintained an upper class society. They kept slaves on their plantations, and built bigger and better homes for themselves. The New England region prospered within their families, freedom to practice their religion, and kept and enjoyed a simple life. They maintained the value of a proper education, and continued to teach their children scripture. As far as dreams go, both regions succeeded in fulfilling them. A northeastward and South of the New World were born.BibliographyHalcon, Ronald. AP US History Lecture. 2006

Is Scott Electronics plcs current human resources strategy effective Essay Example for Free

Is Scott Electronics plcs true tender resources strategy good EssayTo what extent do you mobilise that Scott Electronics plcs current human resources strategy is effective? (18)Human resource strategy is how a occupancy sees its employees from different business bear witness of view and they are seen as resources to complete the business objectives.Firstly the human resource strategy for Scott electronics is genuinely effective because the firms labour productivity is very high with 105 compared to the patience middling which is 100. This is very effective as it shows the level of enkindlement and the staff the business is recruiting is doing very easy which has a positive effect in the recruitment section therefore this forget bring out the conjunction recruit more staff which give addition the productivity of the business. Also the bonuses which is 40% and its 20% higher than the industry bonnie, this shows that the bonuses are keeping the firms employees mo tivated and it drives them to work harder which mean there will be a extend in productivity and if productivity increases it will view a positive effect on the gross sales revenue as the company will sell more items which will increase the sales review and profit.Also a nonher occasion why the human resource strategy for Scott electronics is very effective because it has a very unique centralised organisational structure. A centralised structure is where the entire decision making is do from the top of the hierarchy. This is an effective strategy because the entire decision making can be d oneness from the master(prenominal) person who is in charge and it can be done very quickly without going by any difficulties.This is very effective because staff can work through the business objective sooner than stressing on the extra responsibility they have on their shoulders which will make them stress free and keep down more productive. Also they can be told what to do and the om nibuss will have control over their custody so that employees are less likely to make mistakes or make wrong decisions which will make a negative impact the on the businesses performance.However the human resource strategy for Scott electronics is not that effective because high numbers of employees are on temporary contract which is 75% compared to the industry modal(a) which is 25%. This is bad for the business because it will make employees feel that the job security is not there and they are not guaranteed the job which the business can tell the employees that they are not in need and the employees will go away, therefore this might result in the employees not very motivated to do well and they might not think as if they are involved with the business. Also employees on temporary contract are more likely to leave the business as the labour turnover rate is at 10% which is higher than the industry average which is 6%. This is human resource strategy is ineffective because it h appen to employees leaving the business every year and the business is losing experienced and valuable staff.Also another reason the human resource strategy for Scott electronics is not that effective because the training budget is below the industry average as Scott electronics training cost is 500 compared to the industries average which is 1000. This shows that the staff are not that well instruct and most of the staff dont cognise what they are doing sometimes or they might not know how the company operates as high level of training was not provided. This lead to the amount of disfigurement products increased as the staffs were not well trained and they kept making mistakes therefore the numbers of smirchs products increased.This is one of my strongest reasons because staffs need to be well trained before they can start the job as they will know what they are doing and how they are going to carry out each task according the company structures of dealing with things. Therefor e the staff need to be well trained and the business needs to increase its amount on training the staff which will allow the business to have staff that know what they are doing and make less mistakes as this will cause the staff to make less defect products.In conclusion I think that the human resources strategy is very effect to the business because average span of control for Scotts electronic is 5 and industry average is 8. This has a greater receipts to the specific business because it will allow the business mangers to control their staff and monitor the progress which the manager can set targets and the targets can be analysed to see if they have reached the targets this will increase the productivity of the business as targets are reached and mangers have better control over their staff and the business.However I think that the current human resource strategy is not that effective to the business because the firms defected products are 10% and the industry average is 5% whi ch is doubled the amount. Therefore you can tell that the strategy is not that effective as the staffs are making a lot of mistakes which will cost the business as the raw materials cost money to buy. Also this indicates that strategy is failing as staff are not well trained or may not experienced enough to work in the orbit which the bale goes the firms recruitment policy as the firm could have employed experienced staff which could have reduced the level of defected products.

MidTerm Study Guide Essay Example for Free

MidTerm hit the books Guide EssayThe midterm test is open book, open notes. The maximum time you can snuff it in the mental testing is 3 hours. If you have not clicked the Submit For degree release by then, you result be automatically exited from the exam. In the midterm examination Exam environment, the Windows clipboard is dis equald, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get backrest into your midterm Exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students ar disconnected, so students should raise to re-login as quickly as possible. The abet Desk cannot gran t any student additional time on the exam. 3. See the Syllabus Due Dates for Assignments Exams for due date information. 4. Reminders You will only be able to cypher your online Midterm Exam one time. Click the Save Answers button often.If you lose your Internet connection during your Midterm Exam, logon again and try to access it. If you ar unable to enter the Midterm Exam, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. You will always be able to see the time remaining in the Midterm Exam at the top right of the page. 5. Assessments with Multiple Pages Make sure you click the Save Answers button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on Save Answers while you argon working). Complete all of the pages before submitting your Midterm Exam for instructor review.Do NOT use your browsers bandaging and Forward buttons during the Midterm Exam. Please use the provided links for navigation. 6. Submitting Your Midterm Exam When you be finished with the Midterm Exam, click on the Submit for Grade button. Please note Once you click the Submit for Grade button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers. 7. Exam Questions at that place are 10 randomly selected multiple choice questions each expense 5 points for a aggregate of 50 points. The Midterm Exam covers TCOs 1-4, 8, 11, and 12 and calendar weeks 15.The Midterm Exam contains two pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. The Midterm Exam questions are pooled. This means that not everyone will have the same questions. Even if you do have rough of the same questions, they may not be in the same order. These questions are distributed amongst the TCOs. The entire exam is worth 200 points. On the essay questions, your answers should be succinct, should fully address each part of the question, and should demonstrate your fri abrogateship and understanding in a concise but complete answer.Most essay questions require answers that are a couple of paragraphs (not a couple of sentences) that directly speak to each part of the question. Some students prefer to work on the essay questions first, due to their higher point value and the length of time involve to adequately address each question, but this is entirely your choice. Remember to always use proper quote when quoting other sources. This means that ANY borrowed material (even a short phrase) should be placed in cite marks with the source (URL, author/date/page ) immediately following the end of the passage (the end quote).Changing a few words in a passage does NOT constitute pose it in your own words and proper citation is still required. Borrowed material should NOT dominate a students work, but should only be used sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. sour usage of borrowed material (even if properly cited) can jeopardize the points for that question. Uncited material can jeopardize a vent grade on the exam. As a part of our commitment to academic integrity, your work may be submitted to turnitin.An online plagiarism checking service. Please be VERY mindful of proper citation. 8. Some of the key meditate areas are below. Although these are key areas, remember that the exam is comprehensive for all of the assigned course content and that this study guide may not be all inclusive. TCO 1 Definitions of Technology and Science, the Three scientific Revolutions, Technological Systems, hebdomad 1 Lecture, Week 1 Readings TCO 2 Technology and HistoricalChange, the Industrial Revolution, Technologies in diametrical Cultural Contexts, Week 2 Lecture, Week 2 Readings TCO 3 Technology and the Arts, Digital Technologies, Collaborative Technologies, Week 4 Lecture, Week 4 Reading TCO 4 The Cultural Impact of Technologies (Computers, Cell Phones), Technologies as Artifacts and Ideas, the mixer Shaping of Technology, Week 3 Lecture, Week 3 Readings TCO 8 The Industrial Revolution and the Steam Engine, D eterminism and Its Critics, Week 2 Lecture, Week 2 Readings TCO 11 Research Methods, Research Sources, Week 1 Tutorial TCO 12 Potential Impact of Emerging Technologies (GMOs, nanotechnology, robotics), Week 3 Lecture, Week 3 Readings 9. The readings from the first four weeks are emphasized in this exam. Please make sure that these are read and that you participate in the intervention of these readings. Areas that were discussed in the threads will be prime targets. 10. Assignments will also be prime targets for revisiting. 11.Reviewing the TCOs, which I have listed below for your convenience, will also be a great preparation for the Midterm Exam. 1 Given one or more examples of major technology development projects based on scientific theory, such as controlled heavier-than-air flight or the Manhattan Project or cloning, develop a commentary of technology that includes a clarification of its relationship to science. 2 Given a historical turning point, such as the fall of the R oman Empire, the Crusades, the Protestant Reformation, the growth of cities, or the collapse of the Soviet Union, establish the federal agency of technology in triggering the event and shaping its outcomes.Given an account of a stylistic trend in an art such as painting, music, literature, theater, or film, determine what technologies were involved and how they affected the evolution of the respective art. 4 Given examples of the widespread adoption of a technology that changes the culture of a society (e. g. , cars, computers, cell phones, and so on ), analyze the technology and the patterns of its adoption to identify the sources of the technologys influence. 8 Given a consequential technological invention, such as the printing press, the telephone, the automobile, the microchip, or the Internet, assess the cultural, economic, or social changes brought about by the invention.Given a process for defining and limiting a topic, participate in a research project as a member of a stu dent team that investigates, formulates, and presents its analysis of (a) an issue associated with a technology, (b) the characteristics of the technologys development, (c) its present and probably future impact, and (d) the ethical or moral issues arising from the development or implementation of that technology. 12 Given an rising technology, evaluate its future prospects by identifying the cultural and social factors that may prevent or promote its great dealy application. Finally, if you have any questions for me, please post them to our Q A Forum or e-mail me. Good luck on the exam

Aims of Education Essay Example for Free

Aims of Education EssayEducation has been conceived so multifariously in hu musical composition history, especi solelyy in verge of its aims. Chopra (2005) defines the term Aims as Long-term ambitions which may or may not be achieved, exactly which supply personal motivation and direction (p.16). Perhaps more than other aspects of human existence, it is raising which lends a direction to human efforts finished a definite profound school of thought a set of ideas intimately the nature of reality and about the meaning of conduct (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 130). However, aims of directing depend on the philosophy that prevails at the time of determining the aims of nurture. Different philosophies hold different views about the aims of reproduction Certain philosophies need performd narrow patriots. Others catch produced cultured individuals. Some others are responsible for speech up spiritual men and women (Shahid, 2001, p. 110). In fact, a philosophy or an id eology serves as a back-b cardinal in determining the objectives or end results of an education dodge.2.Western philosophy and Aims of EducationIf we sift the history of education in the West repair from the time of Greeks to the present contemporary era we would come across the quest major schools of thought influencing the aims of Education2.1. IdealismIdealism is considered the oldest philosophy of Western culture, dating back to old-fashioned Greece. Socrates (469-399 B.C.), one of the most honored philosophers and the earliest exponents of the idealistic school of thought looked upon the aim of education as not verbal instructions but to enable the individual, by developing in him the power of thought to acquire knowledge by himself, i.e. by self-realization. For this purpose, he presented the Dialectic Method/Socratic Method which is kindredwise called Question/Discussion Method.2.2 RealismAristotle (384-322 B.C.), a student of Plato and great Greek philosopher, was th e leading work out of this school of thought. He intendd in dualism the tendency to view reality as composed of two constituent elements crap and of matter (Kneller, 1964, p. 37). Following are the main(prenominal) aims of educationin RealismEquipping students with knowledge and cleverness needed to understand and master their physical environment. Enabling students to adjust themselves with adult approved behaviour. (Shahid, 2001, p. 141)2.3 ExistentialismSoren Kierkegaad (1813-1855) is considered the brain of Existentialism. Existentialists believe that the physical world has no inherent meaning apart from human experience. Existentialists believe that the main aim of education is to Develop authentic individuals who exercise freedom of choice and take responsibility of their run (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139).2.4 MarxismThe leading proponent of this school of thought was Karl Marx, an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolu tionary. He was famous for his analysis of history in terms of class grapples. The aims of education, according to Marxists, are Shape batch and institutions change material conditions of society, producing classless society (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139).2.5 BehaviorismB. F. Skinner, is called the father of Behaviorism. jibe to this school of thought, the aim of education is to engineer environments that efficiently maximize learning (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139).2.6 CognitivismCognition means the process of thinking and knowing. The aim of education, in cognitivists view, is to develop thinking skills for lifelong self-directed learning (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139).2.7 NaturalismNaturalism is based on the boldness that nature is the whole of reality(Kneller 68). Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778 ) was the exponent figure of this school of thought. Rousseau stressed that what is natural is genuine. According to Naturalists, following are the aims of education (1) Self-expression (2) Autonomous development individuality (3) Improvementof racial gains (4) Preparation for the struggle for existence. (Shahid 125)2.8 PragmatismAccording to the Pragmatists, truth is a tentative assertion derived from human experience (Kneller 82). The leading figure of the pragmatic educational philosophy was John Dewey (1859-1952), an American educationist. He believed that the aim of education is to Develop and take hold practical knowledge and skills for life in a progressive democratic society (McNergney Herbert 139).2.9 PerennialismPerennialists believe that education, like human nature, is a constant. The leading proponents of this philosophy were Hutchins and Adler. Accorging to McNergney Herbert, the perennialists argue mountain are canonicalally the same, regardless of where they make love and who they are, thus all people need the same canonical education and that education should consist of a fundamental grounding in history, language, mathemati cs, science, literature, and humanities(147).2.10 EssentinlismEssentialism asserts that Essence is prior to Existence and that education involves the learning of the basal skills, arts, and sciences that train been useful in the past and are likely to remain useful in the time to come (Kneller 256). The exponent figure of this school was William C. Bagley. The aim of education, as the Essentialists hold, is the Acquisition of culture cultural literacy for personal good (McNergney Herbert 139).2.11 Social ReconstructionismA key word to learn when trying to understand postmodern education is constructivism. The leading figures of this educational movement was George Counts. The reconstruction theory seeks to rebuild the society afresh. Its supporters believe that the role of education is to create a new social order that will fulfill the basic values of our culture and at the same time harmonize with the underlying social and economic forces of the modern world. According to them , the aim of education is to Solve social problems and create a better world (McNergney Herbert 139).3. Islam and Aims of EducationLike Western philosophies of education, Islam in like manner holds a view on the aims of education. However, it presents an independent, unique and much broader framework of reality, knowledge, existence and values to which the aims of education have got a logical connection. As a revealed religion, there is an objective quality of the goals of education in Islam.3.1 ism in IslamPhilosophy gets its roots from the ancient Greece. It emphasizes on the search of truth with the help of human reason. It is cognise as falsafa in Arabic. On the other hand, Islam is founded on the Word of Allah or the revealed knowledge. The way Islam came into contact with philosophy is explained by Fakhry (1997) in the following words The rapid expansion of Muslim Arab civilization in the degree Celsius years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW brought the corpor ate trust into close contact with Greek, Persian, Egyptian, Syrian and Indian cultures and certain elements of those cultures incorporated (sometimes on adapted form) into Moslem thought. However, Islamic Philosophy takes its roots from the Holy Quran.3.2Education in IslamThe term education, as finds its meaning in Western philosophy, does not correspond very closely to some(prenominal) one exclusive term in Arabic. In fact, there are three words which are normally translated as education_ one emphasizing knowledge one growth to maturity and one the development of good manners. However, all these concepts aim at producing good Muslims with an understanding of the Islamic rules of behaviour and a strong knowledge of and commitment to the faith. Ashraf defines Islamic education as an education which trains the sensibilities of pupils in such a manner that in theirapproach to all kinds of knowledge they are governed by the deeply felt estimable values of Islam. They are trained and mentally so disciplined that they want to acquire knowledge not merely to satisfy an intellectual curiosity or just for material worldly benefit but to grow up as rational, righteous beings and to bring about the spiritual, moral and physical welfare of their families, their people and mankind. Their mental attitude derives from a deep faith in god and a wholehearted acceptance of a God-given moralcode. (Hussain Ashraf 1)3.3 Aims of Education Complete Submission to His WillIslam means slay submission to the Supreme be of Allah (SWT) and His Shariah. The sole purpose of mans macrocosm as described in the Holy Quran is to worship Allah (SWT) And I have not created the Jinn and the men but that they may worship Me. (al-Zariyaat 51 56)So, according to Islam, the purpose of the creation of humanity should also be the sole purpose, aim and objective of philosophy of Islamic education i.e. the complete, dogmatic submission to the Supreme Will of Allah (SWT), the Almighty. As R izavi puts it Thus in Islamic creed, the idea of omnipresence of God permeates life in its totality God is everywhere and hence prayers can be said anywhere A Muslim is supposed to be in communion with God throughout his life academic term on the prayer-rug, labouring in the field, defending his countrys borders, in short, while doing anything and everything. (113)3.4 Taqwa (piety) and Adl (justice) as the Cornerstones of Islamic TeachingsTaqwa occupies a crucial position in the aims of Islamic teachings. The Holy Quran considers it a requisite for getting Divine Guidance (Hidaya) This is a perfect Book there is no doubt in it it is a guidance for the righteous (al-Baqara 2 2)Regarding the sacrifices offered by the Muslims at the time of Hajj or Id al-Adha, the Quran clearly says that the flesh of animals sacrificed does not pass along Allah what reaches Him is the piety or taqwa operated behind these teachings(Rizavi 115). The Quran also gives us a clue to the achi evement of taqwa or excellence of character Be just that is Next to piety (al-Maidah 5 8).In fact, With respect to man justice means basically a condition and situation whereby he is in his right and fitting place (al-Attas 26). Thus, Islam aims at preparing such persons who are pious and just.3.5Justice implies knowledgeIslam has made it obligatory on all believers to acquire knowledge. In the very first verses of the Quran, the prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) was instructed to read Convey thou in the happen upon of thy Lord Who created Created man from a clot of blood.(al- Alaq 96 1-5)The best Islamic education must traverse the two traditional categories of knowledge, and the hierarchical relationship between them revealed knowledge, attained through the religious sciences and acquired knowledge, attained through the rational, intellectual and philosophical sciences. In Islam, both types of knowledge, the revealed and the acquired, contribute to the strengthening of f aith, the former through the careful ruminate of the revealed word of Allah SWT and the latter through the systematic study of the world of man and the universe. The Quran appeals constantly to reason and try which is a blessing indispensable to arrive at proper judgement. It invites directs the humans to study the reality.3.6 Taqwa and FaithThe basic features of the Islamic constitution as substantiate in the Quran Sunnah are the creed or doctrine (Aqeedah) or faith (trust and belief founded on authority) _ as belief in Allah SWT, faith in the prophet SAW and the basic attitude that all human activity should follow in the complete submission to Allah SWT. Islamic education has to inculcate these beliefs and attitudes in Muslim youth. The more comprehensive equivalent of faith in the Arabic language is Iman derived from the root-word Amn which means freedom from fear, security, peace, satisfaction, trust, affirmation, acceptance of correctness and submission or giving up to tr uth. Accordingto the Holy Quran a Believer i.e. a Momin must have faith in (1) Allah, (2) The Hereafter, (3) The Unseen Clestial powers called Malaika (roughly translated as Angels), (4) The Book and (5) The holy prophets. (Haq 242)3.7 IjtehadSide by side with the inculcation and strengthening of these basic values, Islamic education must create in the minds of Muslim youth an adaptability and a mechanism for adjustment to worldly matters. The Arabs were the first people to demonstrate such an adaptability during the prime of Islamic intellectual preeminence. They acquired Greek learning, subjected it to investigation, experiment and expansion in such diverse fields as algebra, geometry, astronomy, navigation, chemistry medicine and evolved the scientific principles of empiricism. This attitude extended into Europe in the fifteenth the sixteenth centuries as part of the Renaissance. The Islamic education system must now adopt the same scientific empiricism in worldly matters whic h the Muslims themselves invented but have forgotten during the past five centuries. The value of adaptability, experimentation and tolerance (as opposed to dogma) must be embodied in the new system. This will, in all probability, require the institution of ijtehad or interpretation of the Islamic law. An Islamic educational system is an integrating force and it prepares men for ijtehad where it is due. In the words of Iqbal The teachings of the Quran that life is a process of progressive creation necessitates that each generation, guided but unhampered by the work of its predecessors, should be permitted to solve its own problems. (1989)3.8 Action as Complementary to FaithIn Islam good actions are a requisite to faith. The Holy Quran says By the fleeting Time, Surely, man is in a state of loss, Except those who believe and do good works (al-Asr 103 1-3)3.9 Enjoining Right and Forbidding WrongAccording to Haq, It Islam is not scarcely a religion of the Muslims, in the usua l sense of the word it is their whole life. It encompasses all aspects of human life social, cultural, economic, educational, spiritual, material, political, in fact, all. A cult of universal brotherhood must, of necessity, be highly organized. (244) What Islam aims to produce are animate and committed individuals who work for the promotion of all that is good and the renunciation of all that is bad for the ultimate victory of all human-beings. The Holy Quran says You are the best people raised for the good of mankind you enjoin what is good and forbid evil and believe in Allah (Al-i-Imran 3110)3.10 Sincerity of Motive (niyyah)According to Rizavi, Islam gives due consideration to human weaknesses, and, therefore, accepts from a person whatever he may achieve, with the sincerity of motive (117) and that Motive (niyyah) is a serious factor in the acquisition of education. In fact, Islam judges all conduct according to its motives (116). 4. decisivenessThe aims of educatio n stem from the kind of philosophy directing them. Western philosophy, in general, is this world-oriented, and divorced from revelation, its aims of education have been changing and varying from one approach to another it ignores the true self of man (both physical and spiritual) its top dog sources of knowledge are senses, reason and intuition which are deceivable and temporary it neglects the final purpose of man therefore, it fails to provide one single approach and thus leaves man into chaos and confusion. On the other hand, Islam, having a inspired base, aiming to bring man closer to God and seek His pleasure as his ultimate aim, is characterized by clarity, realism, sublimity and downrightness of direction thus, offering a solution to all of mans problems and giving him a right direction in this world.ReferencesThe Holy Quran.al-Attas. ed. Aims and Objectives of Islamic Education. Jeddah Hodder and Stoughton, 1979.Azam, Ikram. A Futuristic Paradigm of Education. Islamabad AB C Enterprises, 2003.Chopra, Rakesh, ed. donnish Dictionary of Education. Delhi Isha Books, 2005.Fakhry. Islamic philosophy, theology and mysticism. Oxford Oneworld, 1997. Haq, Mazhar A. Educational Philosophy of the Holy Quran. Lahore Institute of Islamic Culture, 1990.Hussain, S.S. Ashraf, S. A. Crisis in Muslim education. London Hodder Stoughton, 1979.Iqbal, A.M. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Lahore Iqbal Academy, 1989.Kneller, George F. Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. Los Angeles University Of California, 1964.McNergney Robert F. Joanne M.. Herbert. Foundations of Education.London Allyn Bacon, 1998.Rizavi, Sayyid S. Islamic Philosophy of Education. Lahore Institute ofIslamic Culture, 1986.Shahid, S.M. ed. Philosophy of Education. Lahore Majeed Book Depot, 2001.