Fad Dieting (Cause & Effect Paper)

Often times the media portrays celebrities as attractive, skinny people that live wonderful lives of fame and fortune. It is easy to say that such popularity exists as a direct result of their physical appearance and therefore places people to associate prosperity and happiness with looks. Sadly this media focus brings people to believe that fast is necessary because they need to be skinny in order to feel accepted by society. One way people attempt to lose fish and change their appearance to resemble a celebritys is through dietinging, especially fad dieting. madness dieting is a quick, yet un hygienic, way to lose system of cants in a short amount of time. There is not necessarily one fad diet that people enactment to in efforts to lose weight, still a variety of them that all serve the same purposes. The primary goals of fad diets are to show quick results, easy implementation into daily routine and extraordinary improvements in the overall views a person holds of themselv es. They do this by specifying which individual foods or combinations of foods should be feasten, setting certain times people must eat and even completely eliminating certain types of foods from someones usual diet (Freedman, 2013).Some of the most common fad diets include the Atkins Diet, the Rotation Diet and the Zone. The Atkins Diet recommends that dieters avert carbohydrates from their eating, the Rotation Diet suggest specific times that foods should be eaten and the Zone stresses the consumption of specific combinations of foods in an exact proportion of 40/30/30. distributively diet obviously attacks weight loss from different perspectives of dieting and therefore presents more opportunities for people to find the one that fits them best. This is another reason people turn to fad dieting.When a product promises quick results with simple steps to reach a targeted weight, it seems too good to be true. This feeling of disbelief occurs simply because a healthy diet that deli vers fast, accurate results does not exist. Despite the fact that varieties of fad diets are available for people to choose from, none of them support a healthy way of losing weight. Not all that, but the results do not tend to last. Fad diets cause quick weight loss, but such results are only short-term. According to the first paragraph in Marjorie R.Freedmans condition, Fad Diets, on FAQs. org, As many as ninety-five percent of people who lose weight gain it back within five years (2013). In addition to dieters gaining back the weight, some also experience other health problems caused by the diet itself. The Weight Loss and Fad Diets 2011 article on Better Health Channel suggests that symptoms of dehydration, weakness, fatigue, nausea, headaches, constipation and inadequate vitamin and mineral intake may be caused by fad diets because they cut out key foods necessary to the well-being of a person.The bottom line to fad dieting is getting the user to take in less energy than they are required to use for everyday tasks resulting in the lack of energy that causes the side effects listed in Weight Loss and Fad Diets. However, many of these side effects are avoidable. There are alternate ways to losing weight that many people do not consider because they do not promise drastic weight loss in short periods of time. Although this is true, other diets promote healthier weight loss and tend to reveal semipermanent success.In comparison to fad diets, healthy diets do not necessarily target water weight that will eventually be gained back. They focus on alter balanced eating plans with incorporating more exercise into ones daily schedule. With this type of dieting, users dullly begin to change their lifestyles by forming healthy habits that will last. They do not need to face all of the struggles that accompany fad diets and their harsh demands that assure fast but temporary weight loss. MD Margo A.Denkes article Metabolic Effects of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets in The American Journal of Cardiology volume 88 refers to fad diets and the fact that claiming an enhanced sense of well being is hardly grant for a traditional dietmost patients report dissatisfaction from the constant vigilance over dietary intake. Miracle foods and quick results scream caution when it comes to diets. Such claims often lead to short-term effects that leave dieters unsatisfied.Choosing to use traditional, healthy diets not only improves ones well-being in a safer manner, but also teaches them to curb the habit of healthy eating and exercise into their everyday routine. Fad diets lead consumers into believing that losing weight quickly is the way to go when in reality gradual dieting is more beneficial and leaves people with a greater sense of accomplishment. References Denke, M. A. (2001, July 1). Metabolic Effects of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets. The American Journal of Cardioogy, Vol. 88. Retrieved March 7, 2013, from

Constructivist Approach to Grammer Teaching

? A Constructivist Approach in grammar teaching helps inexperienced teachers understand the learning and teaching of aspect,a core well-formed concept. ? The Constructivists approach to grammar involves teaching grammar in context. This simply means that grammar is taught using the students own writing as models. ? The constructivists approach helps students understand that evaluating grammar in their writing is a set off of the revision process. Instructors using the constructivists approach teach grammar using one or a combination of the following methods Mini-lessons Grammar journals One-on-one conferences Peer group activities MINI-LESSONS ? Mini-lessons argon teaching moments inspired by student work. They are designed to be brief . (5-10 minutes) ? They address student writing needs in context as they arise. This technique provides students with additional opportunities to discuss their own writing as well as the writing of their peers. GRAMMaR JOURNALS ? A Grammar Journal is a notebook in which students economise records of sentences they have written that contain grammatical delusions. ? Sentences are obtained from student work submitted to instructors. (Teachers quarter guide students to these errors without correcting them by placing a dot in the margin where the error occurs. ) After identifying the errors themselves, students then copy problematic sentences in their journals and rewrite the sentences, making alternative stylistic choices to improve each sentence. ? To take full advantage of their choices, students can rewrite their improved sentences several different ways. ? Students who do not have significant grammar problems can use the Grammar Journals to recognize their range of stylistic choices. ONE-ON-ONE CONFERENCES ? During one-on-one conferences, instructors may require students to bring their Grammar Journals They discuss some of the editing choices they have made in their editing journals and to monitor students progress in ident ifying and correcting grammatical errors determine as problematic in their work. ? PEER GROUPSMini-lessons can often be used as a group activity. ? The group activity provides students with the opportunity to scold out the rationale for the grammatical choices they have made. ? . This strategy is successful because students engage in dialogue with their peers about their writing ? This approach reinforces the concept of learning communities.

A History of How American Culture Lead Us Into Vietnam and Made Us Fight the Way We Did

A History of How American Culture Lead Us Into Vietnam and Made Us Fight the Way We Did, by Loren Baritz, was published by The Johns Hopkins University Press in 1998. It runs to 400 pages in paperback. Baritz has held administrative positions in numerous universities in the United States. He went to the Amherst campus of the University of Massachusetts in the early 1980s as Provost and served as Chancellor for a time in 1982. He is a noted historian and surface respected in his field.This book is a different sort of history from the usual in that it deals with the clash of cultures and the differences between those of the United States and those of Vietnam. Baritz shows the mindset of the American leadership, which was instrumental in leading us down the path to a disastrous war that was not winnable from the outset. In three parts Bartitz explains why it was the myths of our invincibility and our article of faith that a Christian god watched over all of our endeavors which convin ced us to continue the war.He quotes Herman Melvilles lines concerning the American condition (Baritz 1998 p 26). He paints a portrait of a nation lulled by its own perceptions of righteousness and how apple pie, motherhood and love of Old Glory caused us to think we had the moral right and financial obligation to foist our system of beliefs on others on the other side of the globe. He shows that the idea of a separate South Vietnam was a total fabrication and had forever had any basis in fact.We intervened in a civil matter between one nation and the egos of our leaders prevented us from admitting it was all a mistake, apologizing and withdrawing with our 58,000 positively charged dead still alive. We failed to win because we did not understand the mind of the Vietnamese. Baritz says, Vietnam finally won its war because it was willing to accept more death than we considered rational, (325). We had trained a South Vietnamese army to fight like American soldiers, making them tota lly dependant on American supplies and materials.Therefore, says Baritz, the South Vietnamese were neer qualified of sustaining the fight on their own. Baritizs thesis is that the entire war was doomed from the outset because the American government never understood why the North was scrap or to what lengths they would go to continue the fight. They would never have stopped had we paved the jungle and decimated them. Because of their cultural beliefs the North Vietnamese may not have been sufficient of stopping. The reunification of their nation was more than a holy war, it was a living, breathing tangible of what they were as a race and a nation.It was imbedded in their psyches that losing was never an option. We never understood that they would fight to the last man standing. In proof of his thesis Baritz says that while our enemy was fighting a war of nerves, using politics and psychological science to attack us, along with every other method at their disposal, including the use of women and children, America was lulled, by the idea that this country is the New Camelot, where justice and righteousness atomic number 18 dispensed to all, whether or not they wish to be recipients of our largess.Baritz believes that as the winners of World War II we see ourselves as the champions of democracy, as the New Israel, as matinee idols chosen. Therefore we believe that with God on our side we are blessed in all of our endeavors. We became the city on a hill (29). We fought the war, Baritz says, in the classic Ugly American way, which is how we conducted foreign policy in Southeast Asia. We did not advise, we commanded, and expected them to obey, for we believed that whether or not they would admit it, all nations wish to be us.Baritz argument is constructed in tiers, giving the read a quick insight into the oriental mind from the first page where he begins by relating the tale of Colonel Chuc who, in 1972, while in a temple in South Vietnam, was given a revelati on. Colonel Chuc sank into a trance and received a battle plan and a magical sword from the spirit of the Vietnamese general who defeated Kublai Khans Mongols seven hundred years earlier (3). That this was effective illustrates just some of the cultural differences between our two countries.Baritz leads the reader through the American administrations from Kennedy to Nixon, and gives insight into the games our bureaucrats played with such figures as the body count of enemy dead. Though Baritz points out that time by and by time, when government decisions were made there was no follow-up to determine the outcome of those policies, and whether or not they were a success. Still the reader is left with the belief that some(prenominal) of Baritzs argument, while sound and acceptable, is not as fully documented as it could be.Some of what he has to say seems to be based on well- educated surmise that his ideas are positively the way things occurred during the divisive and disastrous war . His argument that the American people had no hatred of the enemy and quickly wearied of the entire procedure seems too obvious to dispute, prima facie, yet how is such an assertion proven? It seems to be an assumption. Baritzs book is an easy and enjoyable read, though scholarly in concept and execution. He appears to be emotionally attached to his subject, but this works in his favor and makes the book more believable.I would think that while this work does not contain all of the nuts and bolts of history, it is still a valuable treatise on the cultural clashes and is gives us a lesson in cultural differences which may have escape the minds of todays leadership. Officials in policy-making positions should read this as a matter of course. I believe it was worth my time, and should be used in classrooms. plant Cited Baritz, L. 1998 Backfire A History of How American Culture Led Us into Vietnam and Made Us Fight the Way We Did Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press

Chemistry Study Guide (Exam 2)

Examination 2 Chapters 4,5, and 6 Study Guide Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous reactions * Reactions Stoichiometry * jettye-mole conversions * mass-mass conversions * modification Reactants * What is the Limiting Reagent * How do we find the L. R. * Solutions * Molarity rendering and how to calculate * Dilutions Calculations (M1V1 = M2V2, c areful with M2) * Solution Stoichiometry * volume-volume conversions * volume-mass conversions * molecular interpretation of solubility * solubility rules * Precipitation Reactions * Determining reaction products * Following solubility rules Molecular Formula, Total noggin formula, net ionic formula * Acid-Base Reactions * oxidation-reduction reactions * Identify odixation states * Identify which species was oxidized and trim Chapter 5 Gases * Pressure definition * Simple Gas impartialitys * Boyles Law pV * Charless Law P/T * Avogadros Law nT * Ideal Gas Laws * pV=nRT * niggardness calculations * Molar Mass calculations * Molar Volume * Partial Pressures * Daltons Law of Partial Pressures * Eudometer calculations * Gas Reaction Stoichiometry * Volume moles conversions * Kinetic Molecular Theory * 4 genes of the hypothesis * You DO NOT need to know the derivation of I.G. L. * Effusion of Gases * Real Gases * van der Waals equating * Your extra credit scruple will have to do with this topic * Atmospheric Chemistry * 3 types of pollution-very, very basic question Chapter 6 Thermochemistry * spirit of Energy * System versus touchs * Definition of Energy, internal nada, law of conservation of competency * 1st Law of Thermodynamics * ? E = q + w * Sign convention, (is it positive or negative) * Heat and field of study * pV puddle * m Cs ? T commove transfer * conservation of thermal energy * Calorimetry * Constant volume calorimetry * only change contributes to ? E * Enthalpy * Definition, par Calculation using incessant pressure calorimetry * Exothermic versus Endothermic reactions (sign of ? H) * Hesss Law * Enthalpy of reactions manipulations * This is a hard topic, please, please, please revaluation this after Wednesday Examination 2 Chapters 4, 5, and 6 Study Guide Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions * Reactions Stoichiometry * mole-mole conversions * Needs a balanced chemical equation * ** over again no decease examples. Let me know if you can find any** * mass-mass conversions * **No clear examples. Let me know if you can find any** * Limiting Reactants * What is the Limiting Reagent The limiting reagent is also known as the limiting reactant. It is the reactant that limits the measuring stick of product in a chemical reaction. Notice that the limiting reactant is the reactant that makes the least amount of product. * How do we find the L. R. * Example * How many grams of N2 (g) can be produced from 9. 05 g of NH3 (g) reacting with 45. 2 g of CuO (s)? Create and Balance a Chemical Equation 2NH3 (g) + 3CuO (g) N2 (g) + 3Cu (S) + 3 piss (l) 9. 05 g NH3 x 1 mol NH3 x 1 mol N2 x 28. 02 N2 = (7. 44 g N2) 17. 04 g NH3 2 mol NH3 1 mol N2 45. 2 g CuO x 1 mol CuO x 1 mol N2 x 28. 2 N2 = (5. 31 g N2 Less = LR Cuo is the Limiting Reactant * Solutions * Morality definition and how to calculate * Definition * Amount of solute (in moles) per amount of solution (in Liters) * Molarity (M) = Amount of Solute (in moles) Amount of Solution (in L) * **Side Note** * Homogenous Mixture = solutions (Salt Water) * Solvent (a component in a solution) Majority component, what something is dissolved in. (Water) * Solute (another component in a solution) Minority component, what is being dissolved (salt) * Example What is the poor boyity of a solution containing 3. 4 g of NH3 (l) in 200. 00 mL of solution? Given 3. 4 g of NH3M = moles of solute (NH3) 200. 00 mL L of Solution (200. 00 mL) Convert 3. 4 g NH3 X 1 mol NH3 = (0. 20 mols NH3) 17. 04 G nh3 200 mL X 1 L = (0. 2L) 1000 mL M = 0. 20 mols NH3 / 0. 2 L = 1. 0 M NH3 **More examples in N otes ** * Dilutions Calculations (M1V1 = M2V2, careful with M2) * Diluting a solution is a common practice and the number of moles of solute will not change (M1)(V1) = (M2)(V2) * Examples What is the concentration of a solution prepared by diluting 45. mL of 8. 25 M HNO3 to 135. 0 mL? M1V1 = M2V2 8. 25 M HNO3 X 0. 045 L = M2 X 0. 135 L 0. 135 L 0. 135 L M2 = 275 M HNO3 * Solution Stoichiometry * volume-volume conversions * When using morality, you can easily extract moles * With a balance chemical equation, you can metamorphose between amounts of substances. * Exampes Look at notes OR page 145 TB * volume-mass conversions * Examples Look at notes OR page 145 TB * **This wasnt clear and If you know what this means, let me know. Or else I will ask Donavan on Saturday (Because there wasnt a specific section for the two bullet points) Molecular interpretation of solubility * solubility rules be familiar with the chart/table that Prof. Donavan gave out 2 interactive forces that affec t solubility 1. solute-solute interaction 2. solute-solvent interaction if solute-solvent interactions are strong enough, solute will dissolve (solute-solvent interaction solute-solute interaction) * Precipitation Reactions * Determining reaction products General Form AX (aq) + BY (aq) AY (aq) + BX (s) Example 2KI (aq) + Pb (NO3)2 (aq) 2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s) * Following Solubility rules Molecular Formula, Total ionic formula, net ionic formula Examples Molecular Formula 2KOH (aq) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq) 2KNO3 (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (s) Total ionic formula * 2K+ (aq) + 2(OH) (aq) + Mg2+ (aq) + 2(NO3) (aq) 2K+ (aq) + 2(NO3)- (aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) Net Ionic formula (remove each spectator ions ions that are aqueous as reactants and stay aqueous when they turn into products) Mg2+(aq) + 2(OH)-(aq) Mg(OH)2(s) * Acid-Base Reactions General Form HA (aq) + BOH (aq) H2O (l) + BA (aq) Example HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) H2O (l) + NaCl (aq) * Oxidation-Reduction reactions Oxidation is the loss of electrons * Redu ction is the gain of electrons * Oxidation states charges that allow us to keep track of electrons in chemical reactions * Identify oxidation states 1. Charge states of torpid compounds are zero 2. Charge of atoms in polyatomic ions need to add up to the total charge of the polyatomic 3. Keep Alkali metals as +1 alkali earth metals as +2 4. Keep F (fluorines) as -1 H as +1 O as -2 * Identify which species was oxidized and reduced * Look in last section of Chapter 4 Notes Chapter 5 Gases * Pressure definition Pressure The force per unit area * Pressure comes from the constant interaction with a container * Standard Pressure = Normal Atmospheric Pressure * 760. 0 mm Hg = 1 ambience * 760. 0 torr = 1 ambiance * 1. 000 atm * 101, 325 pa (pascals) = 1 atm * 14. 7 psi (lbs per square inch) = 1 atm * Example * (45. 0 psi) x (101, 325 pa) x (1 k pa) _____________________________ = 310. kPa (14. 7 psi) x (1000 pa) * Simple Gas Laws * Boyles Law pV * The volume of a gas inversely proport ional to its pressure, provided the temperature and quantity of gas dont change. * V= k/p Actual Equation pV= K * Example A balloon is put in a bell jar and the pressure is reduced from 782 torr to 0. viosterol atm. If the volume of the balloon is now 2. 78 x 103 mL, what was it originally? V1 = 782 torr x 1. 000 atm/760 torr = 1. 03 atm (1. 03 atm)(V1) = (. 500 atms)(2. 78 x 103 mL) After Rearranging the equation V1= 1350 mL or 1. 35 x 103 mL * Charless Law P/T * The volume of a gas is diretly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure and quantity of the gas that dont change. (V= KT) **Temp in Kelvin Only** * For changes in Volume (involving temperature) * V1/T1 = V2/T2 For Changes in Pressure * P/T (initial) = P/T (final) * Example (LOOK IN NOTES ) * Avogadros Law nT * The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the quantity of gas, provided the pressure and temperature of the gas dont change. (V=Kn) * For changes in volume (involving moles) * V1/n1 = V2/n2 * E xample (LOOK IN NOTES ) * Ideal Gas Laws * pV=nRT * NEED TO KNOW THIS FORMULA * P = pressure (atm) * V = volume (L) * n = quantity (moles) * T = temperature (K) * R = Universal Gas Constant * (0. 08206 Latm/molK) OR * (8. 314 J/molK) * Example (look in notes ) Density calculations * Density of a gas STP * For an Ideal gas STP, the molar volume = 22. 7 L * Density = mass/volume = mass/1mole = molar mass/molar volum * volume/1mole * Density for a gas NOT STP * If gas isnt at stp * Then D = P(MM)/ RT or D = m/v * Molar Mass calculations * From the equations pV = mRT/MM You get MM = mRT/ pV * Example (Look in notes ) * Molar Volume * At STP, all angel gases tax return up the same volume. * Molar Volume = of L of gas 1 mole of gas This also works V/n = RT/P * Partial Pressures Daltons Law of Partial Pressures * The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures by each gas. * The pressure of a gas would exert if it were solo in a container. * You can calculate th e Partial Pressure from Ideal gas Law * If 2 gases , A and B are mixed together * P(A) = (nA)(R)(T)/ (V) and P(B) = (nB)(R)(T)/ (V) * Since R, T, and V are all constant for a mixture * P(total) = P(A) + P(B) = (nTotal)(R)(T)/ (V) * nTotal = sum of nA + nB * Example (Look in notes ) Eudiometer calculations * An Eudiometer is a gas collecting electron tube * Example 2Zn (s) + 6HCl (aq) 3H2 (g) + 2ZnCl3 (aq) H20 (l) H2O (g) P(total) = P(H2) + P(H20) (value may be looked up at table 5. 4) * 0. 12 moles of Hz is collected over H20 in a total 10. 0 L container at 323 K. Find the total pressure. P = nRT/V P(H2) = (0. 12 mol H2) (0. 08206 Latm/molK) (323 K)= 0. 3181 am (10. 0L) P(total) = P(H2) + P(H20) P(H2O) 50 degrees Celsius = 92. 6 mmHg P(total) = 240mmHg + 96. 6mmHg = 330mmHg * Gas Reaction Stoichiometry * General notion plan on most problems P, V, T of Gas A Amount A (in moles) Amount B (in moles) P, V, T of Gas B * Volume moles conversions * Ex Methanol CH3OH can be synthesised by the following reaction * CO2 (g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) * What is the volume (in liters) of hydrogen gas a temperature of 355 K and pressure of 738 mmHG, is required to synthesize 35. 7 g of methanol * Given 35. 7 g CH3OH temp 355 K pressure 738 mmHG * Find V of H2 * 1. G of CH3OH mols * 35. 7g CH3OH x 1 mol CH3OH = 1. 1142 mol CH3OH 31. 04 g CH3OH * 2. Mol CH3OH mol H2 * 1. 11 mol CH3OH x 2 mols H2 = 2. 23 mols H2 1 mol CH3OH 3. N(mol H2), P, T VH2 * Convert your mmhg to ATM, and get . 971 atm * VH2= (2. 23 mol H2) (. 08206 l atm/ mol K) (355 K) = 66. 9 L .971 atm * VH2= 66. 9 L * Kinetic Molecular Theory * In this theory a gas is modeled as a collection of particles (either molecules or atoms depending on the gas ) in constant motion. * Ex, a single particle moves in a straight line until it collides with another particle (or with the walls of its container). * 4 components of the theory 1. Particles are infinitely small and have no volume 2. Average energising energy of a partic le is proportional to the temperature (k). . Particles travel in two straight lines following Newtonian Laws 4. All collisions are elastic (no attractive or repulsive forces) * You DO NOT need to know the derivation of I. G. L. * Effusion of Gases * Effusion the process by which a gas escapes from a container into a nothingness through a small hole. * The rate of effusion (the amount of gas that effuses in an amount of time) is also related to the root mean square f number * Rate is ? 1M * Grahms law of effusion * The ratio of effusion rates of two different gases. * For example (look in notes, end of chapter 5) Real Gases * van der Waals equation is an equation used to correct for the discrepancies from the Kinetic Molecular Theory that real gases undergo. Real gases attract each other, therefore, real pressure ideal pressure. Real gases also take up space, therefore, real volume ideal volume. P + a (n/v)? x (V nb) = nRT where a corrects for molecular interaction. It makes t he real pressure larger so it equals the ideal pressure b corrects for molecular size. It decreases the volume of the container. * Your extra credit question will have to do with this topic * Atmospheric Chemistry 3 types of pollution-very, very basic question * 3 types of pollution-very, very basic question 1. Hydrocarbon combustion for automobiles 2C8H18 + 2SO2 16CO2 + 18 H2O At high temperature, nitrogen can also be combusted, which causes a problem. N2 + O2 2NO 2NO + O2 2NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) photochemical smog (causes problem in the environment) 2. Combustion of coal from power plants (Ex. Electrical cars) C + O2 CO2 (Coal contains a significant amount of sulfur and it further combusts) S8 + 8O2 2SO3 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 SO3 + H2O H2SO4 (H2SO4 results to acidification)But, people have found a way to eliminate the production of SO3 and that is by using clean coal and scrubbers. CaCO3 + SO2 CaO + CO2 CaO + SO2 CaSO3 (s) (calcium sulfite) 3. Stratospheric Ozone O3 + UV O2 + O (oxygen radical) O2 + O O3 + IR These two equations above just shows how ozone is used and how it is just regenerated again. But, in 1974, Sherwood Rowland discovered that CFCs from air conditioners, refrigerators, and spray cans destroy the atmospheric ozone. CF2Cl2 + UV CF2Cl + Cl (chlorine radical) Cl + O3 + UV O2 + ClO ClO + O O2 + Cl ( 1 Cl radical can destroy a hundred thousands of ozone)Practice testanswer keyChapter 6 Thermochemistry * character of Energy * System versus Surroundings System the part of the universe we want to focus on (like a chemical reaction inside a beaker) Surrounding everything else in the universe (like the glass of the beaker and the air around it) * Definition of Energy, internal energy, law of conservation of energy Energy is classified into two types a. heat (q) energy transferred that causes a temperature change (due to a change in the random motion of molecules) b. work (w) energy transferred that causes an object to move (due to a ch ange in the design motion of the molecules in the object) c. nits of energy I. Joule (J) the amount of energy it take to move 1kg mass a distance of 1 meter (unit kg*m2/s2) II. large calorie (cal) the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 ? C 1 kcal = 1000 cal (food calories) 1 cal = 4. 184 J (exact measurement) congenital Energy total energy of a system. (Esystem) Law of conservation of energy energy is neither created or destroyed, only transferred. * 1st Law of Thermodynamics The change in energy of a system is equal to heat that enters the system plus the work done on the system. * ? E = q + w a. ?E = change in the internal energy of a system E is (+) if the energy is absorbed by the system ?E is (-) if the energy is released by the system b. q = heat q is (+) if the heat is absorbed by the system q is (-) if the heat is released by the system c. w = work w is (+) if the work is done on the system w is (-) if the work is done by the sys tem on the surrounding * Heat and work * pV work is defined by the equation w = -p? V * m Cs ? T heat transfer q = m Cs ? T where m = mass Cs = specific heat capacity (J/ g ? C) ?T = (Tfinal Tinitial) q = n Cm ? T where n = number of moles Cm = molar heat capacity (J/ mol ? C) ?T = (Tfinal Tinitial) conservation of thermal energy the amount of energy that is given must be equal with opposite sign to that energy that is being taken. qsurr = (qsys) msurr Cs(surr) ? T(surr) = -msys Cs(sys) ? Tsys * Calorimetry * Constant volume calorimetry * Constant volume calorimetry bomb calorimetry, no pv work done, therefore only heat contributes to ? E qcal = Ccal ? T = -qrxn where Ccal = calorimeter constant (KJ/ ? C) * * only heat contributes to ? E * Enthalpy * Definition, equation Enthalpy (? H) the heat absorbed or released during a process taking place at a constant external pressure. ?H = qrxn = -qsurr ?H = -( m Cs ? T) Calculation using constant pressure calorimetry refer to exa mple in notes * Exothermic versus Endothermic reactions (sign of ? H) Endothermic reactions have (+) ? H because they are reactions that absorb heat. Exothermic reactions have (-) ? H because they are reactions that give off heat. * Hesss Law * Enthalpy of reactions manipulations 2 rules to remember 1. If a reaction is reversed, the sign of ? H flips (from negative to positive or from positive to negative) 2. If you reckon coefficients by a number, ? H is also multiplied by that number. * This is a hard topic, please, please, please review this after Wednesday

learning journal Essay

A acquirement journal is a hookup of notes, observations, thoughts and other relevant materials built-up over a period of time and usually accompanies a period of study, a placement experience or fieldwork. Its purpose is to enhance your reading through the very process of physical composition and sentiment intimately your skill experiences. Your eruditeness journal is personal to you and will reflect your personality and experiences.Structuring your learning journalA learning journal may be called several different things a learning log, a fieldwork diary or personal development planner, for example. Different topic areas may ask you to guidance on different aspects of your experiences and may also have a different format. A journal could be a notebook, an electronic document or sometimes can be recorded verbally on a tape. You will need to check which format is required with your module tutor.Why use a learning journalTo provide a live picture of your growing understandin g of a subject or experience To demonstrate how your learning is developing To keep a record of your thoughts and ideas throughout your experiences of learning To help you identify your strengths, weaknesses and preferences in learningEssentially, a learning journal helps you to be reflective about your learning, this means that your learning journal should not be a purely descriptive account of what you did etc that an opportunity to communicate your thinking process how and why you did what you did, and what you now think about what you did.What is reflective learning?Reflective learning is a learned process that requires time and practice. It is also an active process involving thinking through issues yourself, asking questions and seeking out relevant information to aid your understanding. Reflective learning working best when you think about what you are doing before, during and after your learning experience. Reflective learning is therefore not only about recognising someth ing clean (new learning), it is also about seeing reality in a new way.Reflection is an important skill to develop, and requires you to think about how you personally are relating to what is happening on your course, during your assignment, or in your placement. The following diagram illustrates the process of reflective learning.

English Longman

My selection is Situation 3 from scallywag 226. Fallen Through The Cracks Everybody has seen at least one in their lifetime, we all know it. Some of us feel sorry for them, some of us just wish they would procure up and do something with their lives. unfortunately for them, there are far more mess that prefer the second option. We would some(prenominal) rather mature the other cheek and pretend we had never seen anything at all. No one ever really thinks of how much they may be hurting someone by just simply walking by.Anyone in their well(p) mind would like to sit on their pedestal and argue that that is wrong and we should help these people thump back on their feet. I have yet to see a person do more than drop a couple quarters into the lap of one of these people. I also have a hard time finding any sort of advertisement for helping this countrys less(prenominal) fortunate individuals. As we all know, Americans need to be reminded of what we should be doing, or it will no t get done. Yesterday, I was on my way home when I spotted a homeless man academic session next to a building.I parked my vehicle and went over to him. He seemed rather confused about what I was doing, and his first thought must have been that I was there to stare and make fun of him. after being told to go away, I simply said I was there to help. The debate went back and forward for a while until I finally was able to sway his opinion and get him to come with me. I offered for him to come live with me while he finds a job. I told him I would provide food, clothing, transportation to interviews, and toiletry items so he could keep himself looking presentable. We had an accord.On the opposite end of the spectrum, I see literally thousands of people walk by and either act like the person blends in with the background on which they lie, scoff, or say terrible things. Assuming I was in this situation, after a while I big businessman think I am just as worthless as they are saying I am. Also, being so few places to go to seek shelter or help in astir(p) one self, makes it hard to rise above the current place. Although, some people do deserve the position they are in, many do not, and everyone deserves another chance. No person should have to spend their life n the streets with nothing to call their own when so many people have so much. Locally, a stir can be made rather easily, I think. A simple lack of communication seems to be the problem, as far as I can tell. Nobody gets reminded of the issue, therefore, they do not have a drive to do anything about it. Everyone feels they are too busy to make any significant difference. Unless you are working two jobs, going to school full time, and have a family of seven at home, youre probably not too busy. Five minutes makes a world of difference, and who knows what can be fulfil by simply helping a hand in need?

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 15

But she could let on Alexs sobbing purge when she got in the railroad car, and it seemed to follow in her head even when they had left the house behind.They chequered with the road crew stati atomic number 53d right tabuside the Ashton-Hughes front gate. It spirited extremely professional, with bright lights and solely the acc egressrements.All secure, the glamour in charge said cheerfully when Keller rolled down the window. He shifted his reflective vest. Thirty cars in, nix out. There hasnt been one for a period-I think youre fashionably late. He winked.Thirty? Keller said. How many people per car?Two in most of them, that some were packed.Keller glanced at Iliana beside her. And thats what they cite only inviting a fewer people?Iliana shrugged. You paynt seen the house.Anyway, its safe, the witch foreman said. no. genus Draco has gotten in, I raft promise you that. And none is dismission to shell in, either.Keller nodded at him, and they drove on.Diana was righ t. In considering how big the crock upy was, you had to see the size of the house. Keller had studied the plans, further it wasnt the same.They passed something standardised a peach orchard on one side of the driveway, and then a drug dealer house that seemed to call for swallowed up a dozen cars. But Nissa dropped them hit by the front steps, on a lower floor the stately white columns that decorated the magnificent porch.Impressive place, Keller fancy.They walked in.In the cavernous, softly lit entry hall, at that place was a girl in a threatening uniform who took their coats. There was also Brett. When he cut Diana, he pounced.Blondie I thought you werent going to make itYou knew I wouldnt miss this, Diana said gently. But Keller thought she looked much less interested in Brett than the last time shed spoken to him.Shes learned a lot, Keller thought. And, of course, directly that she knows Galen, she sees this loser for what he is.Brett was looking the separates over i n his meat-appraising way. So mediocre which of these lovely ladies is your cousin? I never got a chance to ask.Oh that one. Diana pointed a random finger.You? Bretts eyes ran up and down Kellers tallnessand her neutral hair. I never would wee-wee got guessinged.Were sort of foster cousins, Keller said.She didnt kindred Brett. That was nothing new, notwithstanding somehow this evening she realty didnt like him. There was something roughly creepy in the way his eyes clung to girls, and when he looked at Diana, it was like watching a slug crawl over a peach blossom.Well, execute with me and collapse the fun, he said, gesturing expansively and flashing a smile. Keller almost asked Where? but in a moment she completed that it was pointless. The society really seemed to be all over the house.The entry room itself was big enough to have a party in, and it had a wide, sweeping staircase exclusively like a proper southerly mansion. Above, on the second floor, Keller could see a hallway lined with portraits and statues.Brett led them through room by and by room, each one impressive. Some seemed to be real sitting rooms others just looked like displays in a museum. Finally, they went through one last undefendable archway into a ballroom.Paneled walls. Painted ceiling. Chandeliers. An ocean of floor. And the college band at one end playing music that was definitely modern. A few couples were bound a slow dance, very near the band. They looked small enough to rattle in the enormous room. Keller almost giggled, but Diana looked dreamy.Its beautiful.Brett looked satisfied. Theres food over in that location on the sideboard. But most of the foods downstairs in the hazard room. You want to see that?I want to see Jaime, Iliana said.Shes down there.The game room was amazing, too. Not just pool tables and darts but arcade-style video games, old-fashioned pinball machines, an indoor basketball hoop, and generally just nearly everything youd find at a superior arcade.As soon as they walked in, a zany in black pants, white shirt, and black vest offered them a tray of tiny quiches and mini-pizzas. A caterer, Keller decided, not part of the regular staff of the house. She shook her head at the food and went on looking around, keeping her senses open so she could take in everything at once.This was the first time Iliana had been out in public since shed deceased to school last Monday, and it was nerve-wracking. The game room was much more crowded than the ballroom, and everybody was laughing and talking at once. On top of that, this old mansion had some very modern renovations. The band music was universe piped into the other rooms.Jaime Iliana said as a figure emerged from the crush of people.Jaime looked good. Her face had a healthy color, and her dark blue eyes were wide open and shining. Her brown hair was fluffed softly, and she was wearing a very exquisite blue dress.Iliana. She hugged Iliana hard, speaking in her flat but oddly pl easant voice. It seems like forever. How are you?Fine. My colds better, and my hand- Iliana held up her right hand. There was a neat bandage around the palm to protect the stitches. It itches sometimes, but thats all. How more or less you?I still have headaches. But Im bondting better. Jaime smiled at Keller and the others. Im so glad you all could come.Yeah, so are we, Keller said politely, persuasion a stab of instinctive guilt. It was irrational, but she kept expecting this girl to look at her and say, Youre the one who ravished me The monster catAnd she wasnt glad that they had come. Her early warning system was clamoring already she felt as if her fur was standing on end. She couldnt explain it, but there was something wrong or so the house.Keep alert, she said quietly to the others as Jaime led Iliana to the food tables. Remember, two of us are with her at all times. The other two can wander the house, check the perimeter, look for anything suspicious. And keep in touch. She shake off a finger to her brooch.That was when they found that their transmitters didnt work. Keller had no mood why. All any of them could hear was static like white noise.Keller cursed.Well keep in touch physically, then, she said grimly. She checked her watch. It was almost nine. And well push her out of here in an hour. Ten oclock. hardly to be safe.Good paper, Galen said.Winnie and Nissa said, Right, Boss.Keller stuck close to Iliana, specializeing herself that they were fetching every precaution and that all she had to do was stay cool and they could get out safely. But as time went on, she only got more and more uneasy.The dragon was going to attack.She was certain of it.But how? What form would the attack take? Was it going to be a battering ram of dark power like the one that had brought down the roof of the safe house? Or something tiny and sneaky, some clever way to get past the wards?A mouse? Or an insect? No ordinary shapeshifter could turn into a bug, but it was a kind of animal, afterwards all. Could something like that slip through the wards undetected?What was it she was missing?Nothing to do but keep her senses, open, search every face for enemies, and be prepared for anything. As it turned out, though, she was altogether unprepared when it happened.Nissa and Galen were the two wandering the house at that point. Keller and Winnie were sticking with Iliana. Keller herself didnt plan to leave Dianas side all night.But as she was watching Jaime and Iliana laughing and chattering by one of the food tables- which offered everything from barbecue to pewee to exotic fruit-Brett walked up chewing his lip. He was heading for Iliana, but he looked undecided and genuinely unhappy.Keller headed him off reflexively. She preferred to keep him away from Iliana just on principle. Anything wrong?He glanced at her with something like support in his dark blue eyes. For once, he didnt look arrogant or patronizing or even well groomed. Uh, theres s omething I need to tell Iliana about I guess. He gulped, his face twistinged.You guess? Keller herded him into a relatively private niche beside a video game. What do you retrieve, you guess?Well, I do have to tell her. I just hate to. He lowered his voice so that Keller had to lean closer to hear him. Her moms on the phone. And she says that her slight brother is missing. Ice water sluiced over Keller. For five seconds, she didnt breathe at all. Then she said, What?Brett grimaced. Hes missing from his sleeping room. And, I mean, I hate to scare Iliana with it, because hes probably just crawled out the window or something-hes that age, you know? But her mom wants to talk to her. Shes sort of hysterical. He wet his lips. I guess we should all go over there as a search party.Hes really worried, Keller thought dazedly, while another part of her mind, a clear, cold part, clicked through possible solutions. So theres something under that brand-name facade after all. In spite of the he probably crawled out of the window crap, hes worried about the kid-and hes worried about telling Iliana, too.Because Dianas going to go ballistic, the cold part of her mind put in. Shes going to get as hysterical as her mom and insist on rushing back there. And a search party-that would mean all of us outside the wards, crawling around between houses in the darkNo. It couldnt happen. It was undoubtedly just what the dragon wanted.But how had he gotten to the corrupt? With all those wards and the agents watching the house-how?It didnt matter. Right now, she had to deal with the situation.Brett-dont tell Iliana.Huh? But I have to.No, you dont. Ill talk to Mrs.-to Aunt Anna. Im her niece, remember? And I have an idea where the baby capacity have gone. I think hes safe, but she has to know where to look.Brett gawked at her. You have an idea?Yeah. Just let me talk to her. And dont say anything to Iliana just yet. Keller glanced toward the game room bar, which was set up like an Eng lish pub. There was a phone, but a girl with red hair was talking animatedly into it, while eating nuts from a bowl.Its the other line, Jaimes line, Brett said. She said she called on that one first, but it was busy.Okay, wheres the other line?Jaimes room.Keller hesitated, looking at Iliana. Winnie was on one side of her and Jaime on the other. They were the center of attention, something like the disembodied spirit of a rose, with other people surrounding them like petals.At least she was in full behold of everyone. Andsomebody trying to get to her would have to go through all of them first, and that would alert Winnie.But I wish Nissa and Galen were here to take over from me.She glanced at her watch. Fifteen minutes before they were supposed to come back to the game room.The baby couldnt wait that long.She forged through the crowd and touched Winnies shoulder.I have to run for a minute-a phone call. Nothing to worry about yet. Ill make it fast, she murmured in Winnies ear.Winnie glanced at her, surprised, but then she nodded. Problems?Maybe. Stay alert. Keller said it through a smile for Ilianas benefit.When she got out of the throng, she said to Brett, Take me there.Actually, she knew where Jaimes bedroom was from the plans. But she didnt want Brett hanging around Iliana. His face alone would give away the show.They hurried up the wide staircase. Kellers mind was racing, making plans.I can calm her down, at least. And I can call Circle Daybreak and tell them-if they dont already know. Theyll make a much better search party than humans. Iliana doesnt need to know about it at all until after the ceremony. And thenHer mind stalled, and the sick feeling in her stomach grew.No. It wouldnt be enough. She knew what she really had to do.I have to go back there. Just me. I owe Diana that much. I owe the whole family that much. Ill be the best one to search. I can drive over to the house feist and see whats going on. Borrow a car from Brett. That way, when the drag on attacks-and hes going to attack-Ill be the only one there. Youll be the only one dead, a snide little voice in her mind pointed out. But Keller gave it the cold shoulder.She knew that already. It wasnt important.Youre going to risk your life-give up your life- for a baby? One whos not a Wild Power, not even a shapeshifter?At least Ill get another chance at the dragon, she told the voice.Youre going to risk the mission, the alliance, the whole daylight world, for a single case-by-case? the voice went on.This was a better point. But Keller had only one thing to say to it.I have to.Here. Brett gestured at the open door of a pretty bedroom, then followed Keller when she went in.Um, can I help you? He was getting over his worry and trying to cozy up to her again.No.Oh. Well, Ill leave you alone, then. He slid out the door, closing it behind him.And Keller let him. Later, that was what she couldnt quite consider. That she had been stupid enough to walk into the trap and stand there wh ile it snapped shut.She picked up the phone. Mrs. Dominick?Silence. .At first, just for a moment or two, she thought Hianas mother might have stepped away from the phone.But then the nature of the silence got to her.There were no sounds in the land at all. It was dead air.Keller hit the plunger to hang up the phone. Nothing happened.No dial tone.She glanced at the phone cord it was plugged into the wall. She pushed the plunger rapidly, four times, five.Then she knew.Shed been suckered.In one motion, she whirled and sprang to the door.Only to twist the handle uselessly.It was locked.And it was a good, sturdy door, made out of solid wood, the kind they used to make. She found this out by throwing herself against it hard enough to bruise her shoulder. It had been locked with a key from the outside, and the rigidly was a good, sturdy one, too. albumin icy-hot rage swept over Keller. She was more angry than she could ever remember being in her life. She couldnt believe it-shed been foo led by an idiot human boy. The Night People must have gotten to him somehow, must have bought himNo.Keller knew she wasnt a genius. But sometimes ideas came to her in a flash, allowing her to see a complete picture all at once where other people saw only fragments. And right now, like a bolt of lightning, realization dawned on her, and she understood.Oh, Goddess, how could we have been so stupid?She knew how the dragon had done it.