Separating of Compounds

We deal use many of Technique or methods for separating of compounds or mixtures and we cigarette by that methods studying of kinetic for receptions ,determine of reply dictate and reaction enact . some of those methods are mass spectrometric , spectrometric ,Chromatographic and Conductance Methods . only in this paper I just talk about chromatographic method . exactly, flatulency chromatography .ChromatographyA method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemicalsThe judicial separation, especially of closely tie in compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep by means of an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so for each one compound becomes adsorbed into a sepa lay out, often colored, layer.Chromatography is a common name for techniques based on the partition of the molecules to be analyzed between a mobile and a unmoving phase. Separation is the result of different partitions of molecules between the two phases. Because the best separation of any solu tes can be obtained under equilibrium conditions, analytical chemists favor to use chromatographic systems that are as near to the equilibrium postulate as possible.However, in the case of preparative chromatography, where the main objective is not the optimal separation of solutes but the maximum yield of one or more solutes at a given purity, the situation is entirely different. proviso chromatographic separations are generally not equilibrium processes.The high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility of chromatographic methods baffle been extensively exploited in food and comestible science and technology.Gas chromatography methods that are used for studying first- severalize reaction kinetics by gas chromatography (1) classical kinetic methods where samples of batch-wise kinetic studies are analyzed by enantioselective gas chromatography, (2) stopped-flow methods performed on one chiral column, (3) stopped-flow methods performed on an achiral column or alter capil lary coupled in series with two chiral columns, (4) on-flow method performed on an achiral column coupled in series with two chiral columns, and (5) reaction gas chromatography, known as a dynamic gas chromatography.The following procedures have been developed to determination peak areas of reaction constituents in such analyzable chromatogramsmethods based on computer-assisted simulations of chromatograms where the kinetic activation parameters for the interconversion of enantiomers are obtained by iterative aspect comparison of experimental and simulated chromatograms,stochastic methods based on the simulation of Gaussian distribution functions and using a clipping-dependent probability density function,approximation function and structured equation,computer-assisted peak deconvolution methods.Fast reaction answer between metal change and acerbic.- Reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid CaCO3 + 2HCl - CaCl2 + H2O + CO2Reaction between excited metal and wa ter .-reaction between lithium and water 2Li + 2H2O - 2LiOH + H2Combustion .-combustion of magnesium in oxygen .2Mg + O2 - 2MgOPrecipitation (double decomposition )-precipitation of silver (I) chloride AgNO3 + HCl - AgCl + HNO3Rate The station can be measured using apparatus on the rightrate of reaction = dCaCl2 / t ,or dCO2 / t or dH2O the rate can be decrease or growth with change of temperature , concentration , jam , surface area or sizing of molecules .Concentration when the concentration is decrease the rate decrease .example 3 g of calcium carbonate react with 5 g of hydrochloric acid to become 3 g of carbon dioxide in 10s at 25C and 1atm. rate = -d CaCO3 / t = -d3 / 10 . but we decrease of concentration of calcium carbonate to 2 .rate = -d2 / 10 .Pressure and temperature also when decrease the pressure or temperature the rate decrease .example 3 g of calcium carbonate react with 5 g of hydrochloric acid to larn 3 g of carbon dioxide in 10s at 25C and 1atm. rate = -d CaCO3 / t = -d3 / 10s . but the time is accession to 20s , because the pressure decrease to 0.5 and temperature decrease to 15 , so the rate = -d 3 / 20s . in a chemical reaction the reactant decrease over time and product increase over time .The rate will decrease over time as the hydrochloric acid is used up (its concentration decreases)The graph in after page shows the volume of gas produced over time in the reaction between HCl and CaCO3 .All three reactions result in the same bar of CO2 gas being produced however the higher the concentration of HCl, the instantaneous the rate of reaction, thus the less time it takes for the reaction to be pad .The table below shows the time taken to produce 50cm3of CO2for each concentration of HCl Rate of reaction / cm3 of CO2 s-1 Time take to produce 50 cm3 of CO2/1s Concentration of HCl /mold m-30.86 58 2.00.42 120 2.00,21 235 0.5From the results in the table above, it can be worked out that the rate of reaction is directionally relativ e to the concentration of hydrochloric acid, so if you halve the concentration of HCl will be halved, if you cast the concentration, the rate will be quartered . rate = k HCl1 Order The order of a reaction is not necessarily an integer.The following orders are possible Zero A zero order indicates that the concentration of that species does not tint the rate of a reaction .Negative integer A negative order indicates that the concentration of that species INVERSELY affects the rate of a reaction .Positive integer A positive order indicates that the concentration of that species DIRECTLY affects the rate of a reaction .Non-Integer Non-integer orders, both positive and negative, represent more intricate relationships between concentrations and rate in more complex reactions.So, in The reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid is said to be first order with respect to hydrochloric acid .This is because the rate depends upon the concentration of hydrochloric acid to the power one .Technique we can measure of rate of carbon dioxide by gas chromatography , gas chromatography can separating of compound by boiling point , and you can analyze results on your computer and measuring of rate of CO2 .and you can determine of rate by flow reaction that may be is easer method .