Tourism: Brazil’s Location

brazil nut which is the biggest rude in the federation the States is a unique country with wonderful terminations and attractions. With half of s knocked out(p)h-central Americas land and ace-third of the population of in all Latin Ameri keisters, brazil is a land of the rattling(prenominal), transcendent and the tragic. The gross argona of brazil nut c overs approximately half of South America as it is the mainlands biggest nation. At effective over 3. 3 meg squargon miles, it is slightly larger than the continental United States (Eakin 1997).It extends 4,772 km from North to South and 4,331 km from east to west. in like manner, border of brazil nut learn some other nations on the continent excluding Ecuador and Chile. The east side of brazil is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. The north side of brazil is surrounded by Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Suriname. On the northwest, Colombia edges brazil nut. On the west, brazil-nut tree is edged by Bolivia and Per u. On the southwest, Argentina and Paraguay edge brazil nut. On the south, brazil is placing Uruguay (Infoplease cc0).The population composition of brazil-nut tree. agree to the brazil-nut treeian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2013) which is the presidential term statistical agency, Brazils population had change magnitude to approximately from139. 8m in 1990 to 175. 9m in 2003. Also, it is predicted to reach near 200. 3m in 2020. Thus, it is plainly that Brazils population has been continually increasing. Brazilian friendship progressed from need home the bacon waves of immigration from Europe and Africa. As illustrated by the 1996 census, 83m Brazilians are of European declination including al well-nigh 60m of mixed race. The black inhabitants are of 7. m and Brazilians of Asian origins are about 700,000. Also, indigenous Indians who live in Brazil are about 162,000.Further much, the massive majority of research on racial dynamics in Brazil concentrates on the black-to-white shape. Brazils large-scale social surveys comm solitary(prenominal) procedure three ethnic or color to capture the variety of identifications on this continuum including white (branco), brown (pardo, or mixed), and black (preto). It was surveyed that about 99% of the Brazils population take ond in one of these three classes in the three polls 1991, 2000, and 2010 (Stanley et al. 013). ?The cultural and scotch features of Brazil Brazilian identity has been in general formed by the Portuguese, who delivered its major manner of speaking and religion. However, it has been shaped by also native indios, Afri burns and the many migrants from Europe, the Middle atomic spell 99 and Asia. match to Burity (2008), even though Indigenous purification has frequently un accentuateed by urban Brazilians, it has assisted to shape modern Brazil and its traditional myth, dance as well as music. The influence of Afri bed culture is also obvious, particularly in the Northeast .Portuguese brought not only a large number of black slaves besides also their religion, music and culinary art which moderate developed a part of Brazilian identity. It is obviously that Brazil is a very racially and culturally compound nation. Brazils sparing has become a major object of speculation for transnational stakeholders, researchers, specialists, and policymakers over the demesne. With filled inborn resources, and gradually energetic global corporations, Brazil has been notably selected as BRIC which are the four very large, rapidly acclivitous economies countries including Russia, India and China. in that respect are some(prenominal)(prenominal) major factors that Brazil after part be emerged as a rising star. Those are the strong global pray for the countrys key products, wide-reaching successes for the countrys main corporations, and priggish economic policies which suffer improved confidence. Although once Brazils economy stagnated with debt crisis, mac roeconomic volatility and high inflation during the 1980s, today, Brazil is more intensely incorporated with the global economy than at any time in the past half century (Brainard & Martinez-Diaz 2009).Brazils economic counsel has been take noteable however, public debt quiet remains high, which may pressure on government finances and menace social security. This is one of the major issues in Brazils sustained economic strength for the approaching and sustaining harvesting to generate employment and reducing government debt can be considered (St Louis 2010). ?Features of Brazils ingrained environment Brazil boasts some of the close marvelous plant and animal disembodied spirit in the creation. Brazil has the worlds largest rain forest, as well as the greatest wetlands.Rain tone covers much of the Amazon river drainage basin while Wetland which is the largest fresh water supply supply swamp in the world, is half the size of France. This is mainly flooded grasslands from th e River Paraguay which starts in Brazil and flows south to Argentina. This area is called the Pantanal. In Brazil, around 55,000 species of plants, 3000 freshwater fish, 770 amphibians and 520 mammals are found. More than one-third of the reptiles and over half the amphibians take settle nowhere else and sunrise(prenominal) species are being discovered constantly.Brazil has five foreland biomes which are Amazonia, Atlantic rain forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and the wetlands of the Pantanal. Brazil is huge country and its botany and fauna are scattered crosswise vast regions (St Louis 2010). ?The history of holidaymakerry in Brazil Although Brazil is the biggest country in South America and has an abundance of cultural and environmental diversity, touring carry has been generally ignored by twain policy makers and the private division (Santana 2000).As the challenge of nurture the socioeconomic phylogenesis by increasing the number of holidaymakers, there was something the f ederal government took up only in the beginning of mid-nineties. Its application convoluted a series of public and private investments which agree transformed both the region and social relationships in the areas directly influenced. Until the 1966 establishment of the Brazilian touristry Institute named EMBRATUR, there was fundamentally no authorized policy of encouraging touristry. EMBRATUR regulated several terms which can be considered as the knowledgeability of a national touristry policy.However, the initial single-valued function al laid to EMBRATUR was inadequate to consolidating the national market and increasing external demand. In the beginning of the 1990s, an institute make the basic agent for developing official policies for the sector (Bartholo et al 2008). ?The place of touristry in the economic life of Brazil Although Brazil is not a tourism-dependent nation, tourism indicates one of the nearly vital areas for the successful Brazilian economy as well as the constant countrys development.According to Santana (2000), the tourism industry in Brazil has also been generally recognized as a promoter of social and economic development by the admission of the Ministry of Sports and tourism. With supported by increasing economic development, most tourism indicators had experient extraordinary offset by 1998. The de ruler of broadcast transport helped out to raise national travel to record levels in 1998 the number of piece of cake passengers rose by 25 percent mingled with 1997 and 1998. Also domestic travel increased by 43 percent over 1997, when 38. million Brazilians travelled within the country. The contribution to overall tourism receipts in 1998 was authoritative, with over US $6 billion.The economic stability and strong cash afford also made it possible for Brazilians to travel abroad. In 1997 Brazil conveyd an unprecedented tourism deficit that destabilized the countrys balance wheel of payments. More than four million Brazilians went abroad compared to 2. 9 million world(prenominal) arrivals. According to the EMBRATUR, domestic and international tourism contributed over US $billion to the Brazilian economy, or 3. percent of the nations GDP (Santana 2000). thitherfore, it is pass judgment that there is a significant correlation ship surrounded by Brazilian tourism and Brazilian economic. Factors influencing tourists choice of Brazil as a terminus ?Push factors that create tourist demand for tourism in Brazil Push factors refer to the fundamental necessary for engaging in tourism that is for using the facilities provided by the tourism industry (Weaver & Lawton 2006). There are several push factors that create a demand for tourism activity in Brazil.First of all, natural environment such(prenominal) as abundant natural resources are widely used to promote the nations tourism. internationalistic tourists inclined to be attracted by Brazilian regions which have various attractions such as rive rs, waterfalls, national parks, beaches and native forests. These attractions strengthen Brazilian local anaesthetic economy. Also economic and technological development has made Brazil become the worlds fourth-largest internal flight market in terms of the number of travelers transported on scheduled airlines.The number of total internal air travelers in Brazil reached about 77. 4 million in 2011. Furthermore, infra construction fibre affects destination competitiveness in eventful expressive styles. The quality of a destinations infrastructure may serve to attract tourists. In the work at of choosing a destination, the image of infrastructure will play important mathematical function. some other factor can be a political issue that tourists should have the approval of their government to enable them to travel to Brazil.The Brazilian government concludes a number of open skies contracts with several countries during 2009 and 2010 to open its air transfer of training cookin g and draw more foreign visitors into Brazil. Furthermore, the development of social tourism can be one of the factors. Vilela de Almeida (2011) mentions that in contemporary society, social tourism has been emphasised be exercise, social tourism provides opportunities for travel and holidays for Brazilians who do not have feeler to large amounts of discretionary income.There have been attempts by the Brazilian government to provide holiday opportunities for low income local people, for elderly people and for students. Those mentioned factors can be significant roles to develop Brazilian tourism. Components of the tourism supply-side in Brazil ?The steerings in which Brazil and its attractions are promoted and interpreted The Brazils military government created Embratur, the Brazilian tourer Agency, with the purpose of reshaping the tarnished image of the country, caused by reports of torture and abuse by the dictatorship.Thus, Embratur became an important instrument for the for mation of Brazils image abroad (Bandyopadhyay & Nascimento 2010). Also Filho (2005) mentioned that in its advertisements Embratur emphasized Brazilian womans physical assets such as big bottoms, their tanned skin and ease of being seduced. Furthermore, Alfonso commented that Embratur, the governmental body responsible for the regulation of the national tourist sector, disseminated images of almost naked women, mostly in Rio de Janeiro, in leaflets and banners.This city and symbols like the mulatta and samba, representing the beauties of Brazilian beasches and the national carnival were chosen to structure Brazils image in the international market between 1970s and 1990s. However, today public and private officials are trying to amend tourism image as part of more diversified tourist products which includes fishing within rural and eco-tourism. Eco-tourism is promoted in the media by marketing the Pantanal as a paradise, an El Dorado and an ecological sanctuary.Officials are stingi ng on developing ecotourism in a more planned way which would be coherent with maintaining local natural and cultural resources rather than countenance mass tourism which could provoke the opposite. The development of local rural and eco-tourism was front promoted by government tourist agencies and then taken up by the regional residents (Araujo& Bicalho 2009). ?Services obtainable to tourists in Brazil including transport and cordial reception Sustainable run which include transport and hospitality is one of the most significant component of the tourism supply-side in Brazil.Lowry (2012) reports that the tourism plan for the FIFA orb Cup 2014 which is developed by the beingness Cup Executive root (GECOPA), provide better tourism information to tourists. Also it offers quality services and accommodation, and promotes tourism destinations in Brazil. The plan provides for the construction, renovation or expansion of tourist service centers, the establishment of tourist signage , and civil construction projects to tally approachability for persons with disabilities. Also Araujo and Bicalho (2009) mentioned that there has been constantly development of amenities for tourism in Pantanal.A new airport was constructed in Bonito municipality and another new airport is scheduled for Porto Murtinho municipality. A paved freeway was built across the Pantanal between Corumba and the state capital Campo Grande. Existing roads within the swamps have been converted into park routes. Also a historic railway between Campo Grande, Miranda and Aquiduana has been restarted as a tourist attraction since 2009. Also there is a network of tourist services in urban and rural areas which include hotels, restaurants, night clubs and other attractions.Furthermore, urban facilities were demanded by tourists so that since 1995, electricity has been available to remote rural areas. Most lodges started to install electric lighting, running water, air conditioning, cable television, internet and mini-refrigerators in the guest rooms and saunas and swimming pools for guests. tourer facilities also include parking lots, public bathrooms, and access roads to lakes for pleasure fishing so it allows tourists easy and safe access to natural attractions. Tourist experiences in Brazil ?performance experiencesMany international tourists visit Brazil to get virtuous tourist experience and to gaze the Brazils image by dint of Carnival which is the best well-known festival in Brazil and has developed a national event of huge sizes. The country breaks for almost a week and events inclined to be intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities. Carnival in Brazilian culture is considered as much more than a simple celebration. Delgado (2012) mentioned that it is one of the pieces that make up the Brazilian identity. To establish an identity is meaningful to Brazilian.It is through the difference with respect to each other that the idea of unity of the nation is built. Thu s, the carnival is an component of differentiation with respect to each other, serving as a mark of a Brazilian. There was naturally basic characteristic change over time in terms of a traditional carnival however, the butt against with tourists as well as the growing popity of communication, technologies and globalization has accelerated the process. There is plurality of identities, constructed by different social groups in different historical moments.Thus, similar to authentic identity, the original representations are built up and limited as changes social and historical moments. The importance for the Brazilian carnival is undeniable, most popular party in the country which is a place where the criminality is possible, the world of street is transformed temporarily into space. ?Photography Hillman (2007) defines that the photography generates and transmits images and tourist symbols such as sites, memorials and masterpieces and its important role is to construct and inter pret the tourist destination image in special historic, social and cultural background.The use of postcards, tourist leaflets, and photographic evidence of journey by tourists is a way of justifying their journey and tourism experience through ocular authentication. Also the expanding spaces of cameras and tv increasingly are able to represent themselves both to tourist and academics. The known example is probably the Kayapo in Brazil. They were supplied with video cameras after work with visual anthropologists and Amazonian Indians in Kayapo are represented by broadcast (Crang 1997).The vivid images of life of Amazonian Indians makes people actually travel around the area. Then they will go back to home with the proof of travel to distant and exotic places, and visual authentic verification that they were actually present in the location. ?Slum experience In Brazil, there is a special place where tourists can have a slum area experience. The name of place is Rocinha which is t he largest favela in Latin America, and is located in Rios South Zone. It has not been well-known since until slum tourism have become a recognized form of dark tourism.Ma (2010) contended that slum tourism provides a distinctive experience that todays traveler seeks meaning in their vacations and is moving away from the trend of fun and pleasure. Freire (2008) commented that one of the most popular slum tour organizations is Favela Tours which has seen an average of 3,000 tourists per month for the past ten grades. A total of 98% of its market is foreigners, a trend seen across all organized slum tours. Also, Frenzel & Koens (2012) mentions that more than 50,000 tourists participated in organized favela visits in Rio in 2011.And a number of tourists will probably growth with the coming FIFA World Cup in 2014 and Olympic Games in 2016. More recent form the favela tours are also offered in Sao Paulo and Salvador de Bahia. The figure from Brazil indicates that slum tourism is alread y a highly professionalized business in the country. Apart from command tours, the destination also offer elements of adventure tourism such as bicycle and motorbike tours, accommodation in the slum and specialized tours focal point on music, food or ecological aspects.Therefore, it is expected that slum tourism stimulate local entrepreneurship and local economic development, and support poverty alleviation. Impacts of tourism on tourists and the host society ?Impact of tourism on Brazilians The impacts of tourism on Brazilians can be both a positive and negative. Tourism has increasingly become a key economic activity for Brazilian. According to Puppim de Oliveira (2003) especially Northeast region possesses a significant authorization for the development of tourism such as a warm climate year round, cultural diversity and over 2. thousand kilometers of seashore with attractive beaches. Thus, tourism in this area improves the regional economy, attracting investments, creating jo bs and generating income to diminish poverty. Similarly, tourism activities can bring positive externalities to society. For instance, the infrastructure for tourism can be used for other purposes as well. Airports can also be used by locals who unavoidableness to travel.Roads can be used for transportation of local passengers, and outlandish or manufactured products. In the State of Bahia, Brazil, the paving of the touristic road connecting the short town of Itacare to the arger town of Ilheus allowed the creation of new bus lines. Before the construction, Itacare had only few bus routes so that there were always limited transportation options of the local population. The new road increased access by the local population to Ilheus for shopping, recreation and medical purpose. Therefore, it is clear that tourism industry can improve local economic and employment benefits. On the other hand, there is negative tourism impact on Brazilians. The local environment and society has a lim ited capacity to absorb and recover from impacts of tourism.If these impacts exceed the carrying capacity, their personal effects on the environment and local society can become changeless and cause serious environmental, social and cultural problems. Also uncontrolled rivalry within the tourism industry over environmental resources such as water, land, environmental amenities, can generate undesirable impact on the substantial industry. An increasing demand for an attractive unexplored beach can build up a growing construction of hotels and houses at the sea side that can degenerate the primary environmental quality of the beach.This can also cause a series of environmental problems such as deforestation, air and water pollution, degeneration of the landscape, which can negatively affect the quality of tourism or even the whole tourism industry in a region. For example, the Pantanal wetlands acquaint serious threats, including the rapid spread of intensive soy, cotton and suga rcane gardening on Brazils central plains, which are the source of most of the Pantanals water. Furthermore, on Brazils coasts, growth of cities and growing tourism developments threaten many delicate coastal marine ecosystems (St Louis 2010).Thus, an uncontrolled growth of tourism in one region can potentially profane its tourism by damaging its environmental or cultural resources, if becoming intervention is not in place. Conclusion ?What are the prospects for the future of Brazil as a tourist destination and what should be done to ensure a successful future for Brazil? As it mentioned above, there is no doubt that Brazilian tourism already shows a major role in the Brazilian economy and that it also represents a substitute for development.There is a constant development of infrastructural in tourism area ground on exotic natural environment to attract tourists. Therefore, it is boosting a significant increase of a number of international tourists in Brazil. With 2014 Brazil w orld cup and 2016 Brazil Olympic, it is expected that tourism industry will be more developed and a number of tourists will be more visited ever before. However, unfortunately, Brazil is now also renowned for the destruction of its natural environment that all of its major ecosystems are threatened and over 200 animal species are endangered.Thus, the amount of protected territory continues to grow. At to the lowest degree 20 new national parks have been created since the late 1990s (St Louis 2010). Also, there is also another negative issue that the internal developing of women and children has made a Brazil portrayed as a sexual playground (Bandyopadhyay & Nascimento 2010). Likewise, the countrys reputation as an erotic playground continues to attract the vilify type of tourist with special tour purpose. Thus, it is obvious that protecting Brazils natural wonders and changing tourism image should be resolute as essential for Brazilian tourism future.To ensure successful future for Brazil, all stakeholders of Brazilian tourism including government should have an important role to play that not only ensures tourism development which minimizes harm to the ecology, but also provides an economic incentive which encourages preservation and protection. Brazilian tourism has the potential to be beneficial in the several sectors in national economic and local development however, the tourism also has the potential negative impacts such as some negative images and environmental issues.Thus, the tourism is needed several implications in order to be sustainable. Therefore, to improve Brazilian tourism, this report recommends that first off it should be enhanced a destinations competitiveness through the target markets awareness of the destination and through its positive image. Also, it should be developed a desirable plan to adopt a comprehensive approach which integrates tourism economic development, international or inter regional trade, social development and o ther marketing goals into an integrated strategy.Secondly, the environmental problems can be minimized by the governments which generate governmental environmental organizations and educate government officials in environmental issues, and enforce environmental regulations. Furthermore, it is important to control of development and tourist flow and creation of protected areas by Brazilian governments which are responsible for creating protected areas for providing incentives for private actions towards environmental protection.